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Sassanids

Sasanian Empire
Ērānshahr
224–651
Derafsh Kaviani Simurgh
The Sasanian Empire at its greatest extent c. 620 CE., under Khosrau II
Capital
Languages
Religion Zoroastrianism
(also Babylonian, Christianity, Manichaeism, Judaism, Mandaeism, Paganism, Mithraism, Hinduism, Buddhism)
Government Feudal monarchy
Shahanshah
 •  224–241 Ardashir I (first)
 •  632–651 Yazdegerd III (last)
Historical era Late Antiquity
 •  Battle of Hormozdgān 28 April 224
 •  Climactic Roman–Persian War of 602-628 602–628
 •  Civil war 628-632
 •  Muslim conquest 633–651
 •  Empire collapses 651
Area
 •  550 3,500,000 km² (1,351,358 sq mi)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Parthian Empire
Indo-Scythians
Kingdom of Iberia
Kushan Empire
Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)
Lakhmids
Qarinvand dynasty
Zarmihrids
Rashidun Caliphate
Dabuyid dynasty
Masmughans of Damavand
Bavand dynasty

The Sasanian Empire (/səˈsɑːniən/ or /səˈsniən/), also known as Sassanian, Sasanid, Sassanid or Neo-Persian Empire), known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr in Middle Persian, was the last imperial dynasty in Persia (Iran) before the rise of Islam, ruled by and named after the Sasanian dynasty from 224 to 651 AD. The Sasanian Empire, which succeeded the Parthian Empire, was recognized as one of the leading world powers alongside its neighboring arch-rival the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.

The Sasanian Empire was founded by Ardashir I, after the fall of the Parthian Empire and the defeat of the last Arsacid king, Artabanus V. At its greatest extent, the Sasanian Empire encompassed all of today's Iran, Iraq, Eastern Arabia (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatif, Qatar, UAE), the Levant (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan), Armenia, the Caucasus (Georgia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan, South Ossetia, Abkhazia), Egypt, large parts of Turkey, much of Central Asia (Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan), Yemen and Pakistan. According to a legend, the vexilloid of the Sasanian Empire was the Derafsh Kaviani.


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