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Kristiania, Norway

Oslo
City
Downtown Oslo Norway skyline.png
Oslo - Parliament (14131199086).jpg NO-oslo-akershus-blick-von-schiff.jpg
Astrup Museum.jpg
SL79 112 at Uranienborgveien holdeplass.jpg Oslo Royal Palace 01.JPG
Flag of Oslo
Flag
Official logo of Oslo
Seal of Oslo
Motto: Unanimiter et constanter (Latin)
"United and constant"
Coordinates: 59°57′N 10°45′E / 59.950°N 10.750°E / 59.950; 10.750Coordinates: 59°57′N 10°45′E / 59.950°N 10.750°E / 59.950; 10.750
Country Norway
District Østlandet
County Oslo
Established 1048
Government
 • Mayor Marianne Borgen (SV)
 • Governing mayor Raymond Johansen (AP)
Area
 • City 480.76 km2 (185.62 sq mi)
 • Land 454.08 km2 (175.32 sq mi)
 • Water 26.68 km2 (10.30 sq mi)
Elevation 23 m (75 ft)
Population (21 August 2017)
 • City 669,060
 • Density 1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi)
 • Urban 975,744
 • Metro 1,717,900
Largest immigrant groups
 • Pakistani 3.5%
 • Polish 2.5%
 • Somali 2.3%
 • Swedish 2.0%
 • Iraqi 1.2%
 • Sri Lankan 1.1%
 • Moroccan 1.0%
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 0001 – 1299
Area code(s) (+47) 00
Website www.oslo.kommune.no
Oslo kommune
Municipality
Coat of arms of Oslo kommune
Coat of arms
Official logo of Oslo kommune
Oslo within
Norway
Oslo surrounded by Akershus county
Oslo surrounded by Akershus county
Country Norway
County Oslo
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
ISO 3166 code NO-0301
Official language form Neutral
Data from Statistics Norway
Oslo timeline (major events)
See also expanded timeline
CA. 1000 AD First traces of buildings. The St. Clement's Church is built.
CA. 1050 AD Oslo marked as a city. Mariakirken is built.
1152/53 AD The Cathedral school is established
1299 AD Oslo becomes the capital of Norway
CA. 1300 Construction of Akershus Fortress starts.
1350 AD Around 3/4 of the population dies under the Black Death.
1352 AD St. Hallvard's Cathedral and the other Sogne Churches are burned to the ground in a major fire
1624 AD Another major fire, the city is rebuilt and renamed Christiania by Christian IV.
1686 AD Fire ruins 1/4 of the city.
1697 AD Domkirken is finished and opened
1716 AD The city and the fortress conquered by Karl XII.
1813 The University is opened.
1825 The foundations of Slottet are finished.
1836 The National Gallery is finished.
1837 Christiania Theatre is opened. Christiania and Aker get a Mayor and kommunestyre.
1854 Oslo gets its first railway, which leads to Eidsvoll.
1866 Stortinget is completed.
1878 City expanded. Frogner, Majorstuen, Torshov, Kampen and Vålerengen are populated and rebuilt. 113 000 citizens.
1892 The first Holmenkollbakken is finished.
1894 The city gets its first electrical track.
1899 Nationaltheateret is finished.
1925 City renamed as Oslo.
1927 The Monolith is raised.
1928 Oslo first Metro line, Majorstuen-Besserud is opened.
1950 Oslo City Hall opened.
1963 The Munch Museum is opened.
1980 Metro line under the city, Oslo Central Station and Nationaltheatret Station opened.
1997 Population over 500 000.
1998 Rikshospitalet opened. New railway line to Gardermoen.
2000 The city celebrates thousand-years jubilee.
2008 Oslo Opera House is opened.
2011 Several buildings in the Regjeringskvartalet are heavily damaged during a terrorist attack, resulting in 8 deaths. 69 people are massacred on the nearby Utøya island.
Number of minorities (1st and 2nd gen.)
in Oslo by country of origin in 2017
Nationality Population (2017)
 Pakistan 23,010
 Poland 16,624
 Somalia 15,137
 Sweden 13,018
 Iraq 8,215
 Sri Lanka 7,064
 Morocco 6,830
 Iran 6,306
 Turkey 6,298
 Vietnam 6,276
 Philippines 6,164
 India 5,671
 Afghanistan 3,852
 Germany 3,813
 Russia 3,802
 Denmark 3,787
 Bosnia-Herzegovina 3,436
 Ethiopia 3,346
 Eritrea 3,277
 UK 3,059
 Lithuania 3,057
 China 2,988
 Romania 2,941
 Kosovo 2,876
 France 2,315

Oslo (English: /ˈɒzl/, OZ-loh,Norwegian pronunciation: [²uʂlu]  (listen) or, rarer [²uslu] or [ˈuʂlu]) is the capital and the most populous city in Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. Founded in the year 1040, and established as a kaupstad or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada, the city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 and with Sweden from 1814 to 1905 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, during the reign of King Christian IV, the city was moved closer to Akershus Fortress and renamed Christiania in the king's honour. It was established as a municipality (formannskapsdistrikt) on 1 January 1838. Following a spelling reform, it was known as Kristiania from 1877 until 1925, in which year its original Norwegian name of Oslo was restored.


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