Economy of Jordan
All Jordanian coins and banknotes
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| Currency | Jordanian dinar (JOD) |
|---|---|
| Calendar Year | |
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Trade organisations
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WTO |
| Statistics | |
| GDP | $31.35 billion (2012 est.) |
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GDP growth
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3.0% (2012 est.) |
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GDP per capita
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$6,000 (2008 est.) |
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GDP by sector
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agriculture (2.7%), industry (20%), services (77.4%) (2007 est.) |
| 4.8% (2012) | |
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Population below poverty line
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12.5% (2001 est.) |
| 38.8 (2003) | |
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Labour force
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1.615 million (2008 est.) |
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Labour force by occupation
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Agriculture (3.6%), Industry (10.1%), Services (77.4%) (2008 est.) |
| Unemployment | 12.3% (2011 est.) |
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Main industries
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Clothing, Phosphate Mining, Fertilizers, Pharmaceuticals, Petroleum Refining, Cement, Potash, Inorganic Chemicals, Light Manufacturing, Tourism |
| 118th (2017) | |
| External | |
| Exports | $6.521 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.) |
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Export goods
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Clothing, Pharmaceuticals, Potash, Phosphates, Fertilizers, Vegetables |
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Main export partners
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 Iraq 18.4% United States 17.6% Saudi Arabia 13.6% India 7.3% United Arab Emirates 4% (2013 est.) |
| Imports | $15.65 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.) |
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Import goods
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Crude Oil, Textile Fabrics, Machinery, Transport Equipment, Manufactured Goods |
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Main import partners
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Saudi Arabia 18.5% China 10.3% United States 6.3% India 5.1% Italy 4.8% (2013 est.) |
| Public finances | |
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57.5% of GDP (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 45 57.3% of GDP (2010 est.) note: data cover central government debt, and include debt instruments issued (or owned) by government entities other than the treasury; the data include treasury debt held by foreign entities; the data exclude debt issued by subnational entities, as well as intra-governmental debt; intra-governmental debt consists of treasury borrowings from surpluses in the social funds, such as for retirement, medical care, and unemployment; debt instruments for the social funds are not sold at public auctions |
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| Revenues | $5.783 billion (2008 est.) |
| Expenses | $7.623 billion (2008 est.) |
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Standard & Poor's: BB+ (Domestic) BB (Foreign) BBB- (T&C Assessment) Outlook: Negative Moody's: Ba2 Outlook: Negative |
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Foreign reserves
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US$13.280 billion (February 2011) |
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All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars. |
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57.5% of GDP (2011 est.) country comparison to the world: 45 57.3% of GDP (2010 est.)
Jordan's GDP per capita rose by 351% in the 1970s, declined 30% in the 1980s, and rose 36% in the 1990s. Jordan is classified as an emerging market. After king Abdullah II's accession to the throne in 1999, liberal economic policies were introduced that resulted in a boom that continued through 2009. Jordan has a developed banking sector that attracts investors due to conservative bank policies that enabled the country to weather the global financial crisis of 2009. Jordan's economy has been growing at an annual rate of 7% after King Abdullah II's accession to throne in 1999 and up to 2008. As of 2015, Jordan boasts a GDP worth $37.6 USD bn, ranking it 89th worldwide.
Jordan has FTA's with the United States, Canada, Singapore, Malaysia, the European Union, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya, Turkey and Syria. More FTA's are planned with Iraq, the Palestinian Authority, the GCC, Lebanon, and Pakistan. Jordan is a member of the Greater Arab Free Trade Agreement, the Euro-Mediterranean free trade area, the Agadir Agreement, and also enjoys advanced status with the EU.
Jordan is an emerging knowledge economy. The main obstacles to Jordan's economy are scarce water supplies, complete reliance on oil imports for energy, and regional instability. Just over 10% of its land is arable and the water supply is limited. Rainfall is low and highly variable, and much of Jordan's available ground water is not renewable. Jordan's economic resource base centers on phosphates, potash, and their fertilizer derivatives; tourism; overseas remittances; and foreign aid. These are its principal sources of hard currency earnings. Lacking coal reserves, hydroelectric power, large tracts of forest or commercially viable oil deposits, Jordan relies on natural gas for 10% of its domestic energy needs. Jordan used to depend on Iraq for oil until the American-led 2003 invasion of Iraq.
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