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Ancient Orient

The ancient Near East
Regions and States
Fertile Crescent

Mesopotamia • Akkadian Empire • Assyria • Babylonia • Neo-Assyrian Empire • Neo-Babylonian Empire • Sumer
Egypt • Ancient Egypt
Persia • Achaemenid Empire • Elam • Medes
Anatolia • Hittites • Hurrians • Neo-Hittite states • Urartu
The Levant • Ancient Israel • Phoenicia

Archaeological Periods
Chronology • Bronze Age • Bronze Age collapse • Iron Age
Languages
Akkadian • Aramaic • Assyriology • Cuneiform script • Elamite • Hebrew • Hittite • Hurrian • Phoenician • Sumerian • Urartian
Literature
Babylonian literature • Hittite texts • Sumerian literature
Mythology
Babylonian mythology • Hittite mythology • Mesopotamian mythology • Egyptian mythology
Other topics
Cradle of civilization • Assyrian law • Babylonian astronomy • Babylonian law • Babylonian mathematics • Cuneiform law • History of the Middle East
Bronze Age
Chalcolithic

Near East (c. 3300–1200 BC)

Anatolia, Caucasus, Elam, Egypt, Levant, Mesopotamia, Sistan, Canaan
Late Bronze Age collapse

South Asia (c. 3000–1200 BC)

Ochre Coloured Pottery
Cemetery H

Europe (c. 3200–600 BC)

Aegean, Caucasus, Catacomb culture, Minoan, Srubna culture, Beaker culture, Unetice culture, Tumulus culture, Urnfield culture, Hallstatt culture, Apennine culture, Canegrate culture, Golasecca culture,
Atlantic Bronze Age, Bronze Age Britain, Nordic Bronze Age

China (c. 2000–700 BC)

Erlitou, Erligang

arsenical bronze
writing, literature
sword, chariot

Iron Age
Iron Age
Bronze Age

Late Bronze Age collapse

Ancient Near East (1200 BC – 500 BC)

Anatolia Assyria, Caucasus, Cyprus, Egypt, Levant (Israel and Judah), Neo-Babylonian Empire, Persia

India (1200 BC – 200 BC)

Painted Grey Ware
Northern Black Polished Ware
Maurya Empire
Anuradhapura Kingdom

Europe (1200 BC – 1 BC)

Aegean
Novocherkassk
Hallstatt C
La Tène C
Villanovan C
British Iron Age
Thracians
Dacia, Transylvania, Southeastern Europe
Greece, Rome
Scandinavia (600 BC - Germanic Iron Age (800 AD))

China (600 BC – 200 BC)

Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period

Korea (400 BC – 400 AD)

Late Gojoseon period
Proto-Three Kingdoms period

Japan (100 BC – 300 AD)

Yayoi period

Philippines (1000 BC – 200 AD)

Jade Culture
Sa Huyun culture

Vietnam (1000 BC – 630 AD)

Sa Huỳnh culture
Óc Eo culture

Sub-Saharan Africa (1000 BC – 800 AD)

Nok
Djenné-Djenno
Igbo-Ukwu

Axial Age
Classical antiquity
Zhou dynasty
Vedic period
Ancient barangays
Alphabetic writing
Metallurgy

Ancient history
Historiography
Greek, Roman, Chinese, Islamic

Mesopotamia • Akkadian Empire • Assyria • Babylonia • Neo-Assyrian Empire • Neo-Babylonian Empire • Sumer
Egypt • Ancient Egypt
Persia • Achaemenid Empire • Elam • Medes
Anatolia • Hittites • Hurrians • Neo-Hittite states • Urartu
The Levant • Ancient Israel • Phoenicia

The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, northeastern Syria and Kuwait),ancient Egypt, ancient Iran (Elam, Media, Parthia and Persia), Anatolia/Asia Minor and Armenian Highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and Jordan), Cyprus and the Arabian Peninsula. The ancient Near East is studied in the fields of Near Eastern archaeology and ancient history.


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