Ancient Orient

The ancient Near East

Regions and States
Fertile Crescent Mesopotamia • Akkadian Empire • Assyria • Babylonia • Neo-Assyrian Empire • Neo-Babylonian Empire • Sumer Egypt • Ancient Egypt Persia • Achaemenid Empire • Elam • Medes Anatolia • Hittites • Hurrians • Neo-Hittite states • Urartu The Levant • Ancient Israel • Phoenicia
Archaeological Periods
Chronology • Bronze Age • Bronze Age collapse • Iron Age
Languages
Akkadian • Aramaic • Assyriology • Cuneiform script • Elamite • Hebrew • Hittite • Hurrian • Phoenician • Sumerian • Urartian
Literature
Babylonian literature • Hittite texts • Sumerian literature
Mythology
Babylonian mythology • Hittite mythology • Mesopotamian mythology • Egyptian mythology
Other topics
Cradle of civilization • Assyrian law • Babylonian astronomy • Babylonian law • Babylonian mathematics • Cuneiform law • History of the Middle East
This box:

Bronze Age This box:
↑ Chalcolithic
Near East (c. 3300–1200 BC) Anatolia, Caucasus, Elam, Egypt, Levant, Mesopotamia, Sistan, Canaan Late Bronze Age collapse South Asia (c. 3000–1200 BC) Ochre Coloured Pottery Cemetery H Europe (c. 3200–600 BC) Aegean, Caucasus, Catacomb culture, Minoan, Srubna culture, Beaker culture, Unetice culture, Tumulus culture, Urnfield culture, Hallstatt culture, Apennine culture, Canegrate culture, Golasecca culture, Atlantic Bronze Age, Bronze Age Britain, Nordic Bronze Age China (c. 2000–700 BC) Erlitou, Erligang
arsenical bronze writing, literature sword, chariot
↓Iron Age

Iron Age This box:
↑ Bronze Age
Late Bronze Age collapse Ancient Near East (1200 BC – 500 BC) Anatolia Assyria, Caucasus, Cyprus, Egypt, Levant (Israel and Judah), Neo-Babylonian Empire, Persia India (1200 BC – 200 BC) Painted Grey Ware Northern Black Polished Ware Maurya Empire Anuradhapura Kingdom Europe (1200 BC – 1 BC) Aegean Novocherkassk Hallstatt C La Tène C Villanovan C British Iron Age Thracians Dacia, Transylvania, Southeastern Europe Greece, Rome Scandinavia (600 BC - Germanic Iron Age (800 AD)) China (600 BC – 200 BC) Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period Korea (400 BC – 400 AD) Late Gojoseon period Proto-Three Kingdoms period Japan (100 BC – 300 AD) Yayoi period Philippines (1000 BC – 200 AD) Jade Culture Sa Huyun culture Vietnam (1000 BC – 630 AD) Sa Huỳnh culture Óc Eo culture Sub-Saharan Africa (1000 BC – 800 AD) Nok Djenné-Djenno Igbo-Ukwu
Axial Age Classical antiquity Zhou dynasty Vedic period Ancient barangays Alphabetic writing Metallurgy
↓ Ancient history
Historiography Greek, Roman, Chinese, Islamic

Mesopotamia • Akkadian Empire • Assyria • Babylonia • Neo-Assyrian Empire • Neo-Babylonian Empire • Sumer
Egypt • Ancient Egypt
Persia • Achaemenid Empire • Elam • Medes
Anatolia • Hittites • Hurrians • Neo-Hittite states • Urartu
The Levant • Ancient Israel • Phoenicia

The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, northeastern Syria and Kuwait),ancient Egypt, ancient Iran (Elam, Media, Parthia and Persia), Anatolia/Asia Minor and Armenian Highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and Jordan), Cyprus and the Arabian Peninsula. The ancient Near East is studied in the fields of Near Eastern archaeology and ancient history.