List of Grand Viziers of Egypt

Eyalet of Egypt
إيالة مصر (in Arabic) Eyalet-i Mısr (in Ottoman Turkish) Mısır Eyaleti (in Turkish)
Eyalet
1517–1867
Flag
The Eyalet of Egypt in 1833.
Capital		Cairo
Languages		Arabic,Turkish
Religion		Sunni Islam (official)
Government		Eyalet
Governor-General
•	1517	Yunus Pasha (first)
•	1863–1867	Isma'il Pasha (last)
Grand Vizier
•	1857–1858	Zulfiqar Pasha (first)
•	1866–1867	Muhammad Pasha (last)
Historical era		Early modern period
•	Battle of Ridaniya	22 January 1517
•	French Campaign	1798–1801
•	Rise of Muhammad Ali	1801–1805
•	Conquest of Sudan	1820–1822
•	Egyptian–Ottoman War	1831–1833
•	Khedivate proclaimed	8 June 1867
Population
•	1700 est.	2,335,000
•	1867 est.	6,076,000
Currency		Piastre (until 1834) Pound (1834–1867)
Preceded by Succeeded by Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) Sennar (sultanate) Emirate of Diriyah Khedivate of Egypt Emirate of Nejd Hejaz Vilayet
Today part of		List  Egypt  Eritrea  Ethiopia  Djibouti  Israel  Palestine  Jordan  Lebanon  Libya  Saudi Arabia  South Sudan  Sudan  Syria  Somalia  Turkey  Yemen  Greece  Uganda  Central African Republic  Democratic Republic of the Congo  Chad  Cyprus  Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus  Somaliland  Puntland
^ a. Arabic became the sole official language in 1863. ^ b. Figures are taken from the Populstat.info website.

^ b. Figures are taken from the Populstat.info website.

The Eyalet of Egypt was the result of the conquest of Mamluk Egypt by the Ottoman Empire in 1517, following the Ottoman–Mamluk War (1516–1517) and the absorption of Syria into the Empire in 1516. Egypt was administered as an eyalet of the Ottoman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: ایالت مصر‎‎ Eyālet-i Mıṣr) from 1517 until 1867, with an interruption during the French occupation of 1798 to 1801.

Egypt was always a difficult province for the Ottoman Sultans to control, due in part to the continuing power and influence of the Mamluks, the Egyptian military caste who had ruled the country for centuries. As such, Egypt remained semi-autonomous under the Mamluks until it was invaded by the French forces of Napoleon I in 1798. After the French were expelled, power was seized in 1805 by Muhammad Ali Pasha, an Albanian military commander of the Ottoman army in Egypt.

Egypt under the Muhammad Ali dynasty remained nominally an Ottoman province. It was granted the status of an autonomous vassal state or Khedivate in 1867. Isma'il Pasha and Tewfik Pasha governed Egypt as a quasi-independent state under Ottoman suzerainty until the British occupation of 1882. Nevertheless, the Khedivate of Egypt (1867–1914) remained a de jure Ottoman province until 5 November 1914, when it was declared a British protectorate in reaction to the decision of the Young Turks of the Ottoman Empire to join the First World War on the side of the Central Powers.