Khedivate of Egypt

Khedivate of Egypt
الخديوية المصرية (Arabic) خدیویت مصر (Ottoman Turkish)
Autonomous vassal of the Ottoman Empire (under British occupation from 1882)
1867–1914
Flag (1867–81) Coat of arms
Anthem Salam Affandina
Globe with modern borders highlighting the following:   Khedivate of Egypt   Anglo-Egyptian Sudan (condominium)   Ceded from Sudan to Italian North Africa in 1919
Capital		Cairo
Languages		Arabic, Ottoman Turkish,
Religion		Sunni Islam, Coptic Christianity
Government		Constitutional monarchy
Khedive
•	1867–1879	Isma'il Pasha
•	1879–1892	Tewfik Pasha
•	1892–1914	Abbas II
British Agent and Consul-General
•	1883–1907	Earl of Cromer
•	1907–1911	Sir Eldon Gorst
•	1911–1914	Earl Kitchener
Prime Minister
•	1878–1879	Nubar Pasha (first)
•	1914	Hussein Rushdi Pasha (last)
Historical era		Scramble for Africa
•	Established	8 June 1867
•	Suez Canal opened	17 November 1869
•	Urabi Revolt	1881–1882
•	British invasion in the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War	July – September 1882
•	Sudan Convention	18 January 1899
•	Disestablished	19 December 1914
Population
•	1882 est.	6,805,000
•	1897 est.	9,715,000
•	1907 est.	11,287,000
Currency		Egyptian pound
Preceded by Succeeded by Egypt Eyalet Sultanate of Darfur Sultanate of Egypt Italian Libya
Today part of		Egypt  Libya  South Sudan  Sudan  Uganda
^ a. English became the sole official language in 1898. ^ b. Area and density include inhabited areas only. The total area of Egypt, including deserts, is 994,000 km2.

^ b. Area and density include inhabited areas only. The total area of Egypt, including deserts, is 994,000 km².

The Khedivate of Egypt (Arabic: خديوية مصر‎‎, Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [xedeˈwejjet ˈmɑsˤɾ]; Ottoman Turkish: خدیویت مصر‎ Hıdiviyet-i Mısır) was an autonomous tributary state of the Ottoman Empire, established and ruled by the Muhammad Ali Dynasty following the defeat and expulsion of Napoleon Bonaparte's forces which brought an end to the short-lived French occupation of Lower Egypt.

Upon the conquest of the Sultanate of Egypt by the Ottoman Empire in 1517, the country was governed as an Ottoman eyalet (province). The Porte was content to permit local rule to remain in the hands of the Mamluks, the Egyptian military caste of Circassian, and Turkic origin who had held power in Egypt since the 13th century. Save for military expeditions to crush Mamluk Egyptian uprisings seeking to re-establish the independent Egyptian sultanate, the Ottomans largely ignored Egyptian affairs until the French invasion of Egypt in 1798.