Muhammad Ali Dynasty
| Muhammad Ali dynasty (Alawiyya dynasty) |
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| Country | Egypt and Sudan |
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Wāli, self-declared as Khedive (1805–1867) Khedive officially recognized (1867–1914) Sultan (1914–1922) King (1922–1953) |
| Founded | 1805: Muhammad Ali's consolidation of power |
| Founder | Muhammad Ali Pasha |
| Final ruler | Fuad II |
| Current head | Fuad II |
| Deposition | 1953, abolition of monarchy following the Egyptian Revolution of 1952 |
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The Muhammad Ali dynasty (Arabic: أسرة محمد علي Usrat Muhammad 'Ali; Albanian: Dinastia e Muhamed (Mehmet) Ali Pashës; Turkish: Mehmet Ali Paşa Hanedanı, Kavalalılar Hanedanı) was the ruling dynasty of Egypt and Sudan, from the 19th to the mid-20th Century. It is named after its progenitor, Muhammad Ali Pasha, regarded as the founder of modern Egypt. It was also more formally known as the Alawiyya dynasty (Arabic: الأسرة العلوية al-Usra al-'Alawiyya). Because a majority of the rulers from this dynasty bore the title Khedive, it was often referred to by contemporaries as the 'Khedival dynasty'.
Muhammad Ali was an Albanian commander of the Ottoman army that was sent to drive Napoleon's forces out of Egypt, but upon the French withdrawal, seized power himself and forced the Ottoman Sultan Mahmud II to recognize him as Wāli, or Governor of Egypt in 1805. He traces back to Hatice Sultan (daughter of Ahmed III) and her Husband Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha, who was the Parent's to his Grandfather Sultazade Osman Aga. Demonstrating his grander ambitions, he took the title of Khedive; however, this was not sanctioned by the Sublime Porte.
Muhammad Ali transformed Egypt into a regional power which he saw as the natural successor to the decaying Ottoman Empire. He constructed a military state with around four percent of the populace serving the army to raise Egypt to a powerful positioning in the Ottoman Empire in a way showing various similarities to the Soviet strategies (without communism) conducted in the 20th century. Muhammad Ali summed up his vision for Egypt in this way:
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Wikipedia