Kingdom of Egypt

Kingdom of Egypt
المملكة المصرية al-Mamlakah al-Miṣrīyah
1922–1953
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem "Eslami ya Misr" Royal anthem "Salam Affandina"
Green: Kingdom of Egypt Lighter green: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan condominium Lightest green: Ceded from Sudan to Italian North Africa in 1919.
Capital		Cairo
Languages		Arabic (official) Egyptian Arabic
Government		Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
King
•	1922–1936	Fuad I
•	1936–1952	Farouk I
•	1952–1953	Fuad II a
British High Commissioner
•	1922–1925	Sir Edmund Allenby
•	1925–1929	Sir George Lloyd
•	1929–1933	Sir Percy Loraine
•	1933–1936	Sir Miles Lampson
Prime Minister
•	1922 (first)	Abdel Khaliq Sarwat Pasha
•	1952–1953 (last)	Muhammad Naguibb
Legislature		Parliament
•	Upper house	Shura Council
•	Lower house	Chamber of Deputies
Historical era		Interwar era / World War II / Cold War / Palestine War
•	Independence recognized by the United Kingdom	28 February 1922
•	Sultan Fuad I becomes King Fuad I	15 March 1922
•	Constitution adopted	19 April 1923
•	Anglo-Egyptian Treaty	27 August 1936
•	Palestine War	1948–49 (May–March)
•	Revolution	23 July 1952
•	Republic proclaimed	18 June 1953
Area
•	1937 census	3,418,400 km² (1,319,852 sq mi)
Population
•	1927 census est.	14,218,000
•	1937 census est.	15,933,000
Density		4.7 /km²  (12.1 /sq mi)
•	1947 census est.	19,090,447
Currency		Egyptian pound
Preceded by Succeeded by Sultanate of Egypt Republic of Egypt (1953–58) British Military Administration (Libya)
Today part of		Egypt  Sudan  South Sudan  Libya  Palestine
a.	Under regency.
b.	Became first President of Egypt.
Area and density include inhabited areas only. The total area of Egypt, including deserts, is 994,000 km2.

The Kingdom of Egypt (Arabic: المملكة المصرية‎‎; Egyptian Arabic: المملكه المصريه‎‎ al-Mamlakah al-Miṣrīyah, "the Egyptian Kingdom") was the independent Egyptian state established under the Muhammad Ali Dynasty in 1922 following the Unilateral Declaration of Egyptian Independence by the United Kingdom. Until the Anglo-Egyptian treaty of 1936, the Kingdom was only nominally independent, since the British retained control of foreign relations, communications, the military and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Between 1936-52, the British continued to maintain military presence and political advisors, at a reduced level.

The legal status of Egypt had been highly convoluted, due to its de facto breakaway from the Ottoman Empire in 1805, its occupation by Britain in 1882, and its transformation into a sultanate and British protectorate in 1914. In line with the change in status from sultanate to kingdom, the Sultan of Egypt, Fuad I, saw his title changed to King.

The kingdom's sovereignty was subject to severe limitations imposed by the British, who retained enormous control over Egyptian affairs, and whose military continued to occupy the country. Throughout the kingdom's existence Sudan was formally united with Egypt. However, actual Egyptian authority in Sudan was largely nominal due to Britain's role as the dominant power in Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.

During the reign of King Fuad, the monarchy struggled with the Wafd Party, a broadly based nationalist political organization strongly opposed to British domination, and with the British themselves, who were determined to maintain control over the Suez Canal. Other political forces emerging in this period included the Communist Party (1925), and the Muslim Brotherhood (1928), which eventually became a potent political and religious force.