India's

Republic of India Bhārat Gaṇarājya
Flag State emblem
Motto: "Satyameva Jayate" (Sanskrit) "Truth Alone Triumphs"
Anthem: "Jana Gana Mana" (Hindi) "Thou Art the Ruler of the Minds of All People"
National song "Vande Mataram" (Sanskrit) "I Bow to Thee, Mother"
Area controlled by India shown in dark green; claimed but uncontrolled regions shown in light green.
Capital	New Delhi 28°36.8′N 77°12.5′E / 28.6133°N 77.2083°E / 28.6133; 77.2083
Largest city	Mumbai 18°58′30″N 72°49′33″E / 18.97500°N 72.82583°E / 18.97500; 72.82583
Official languages	Hindi English
Recognised regional languages	State level and Eighth Schedule Assamese Bengali Bodo Dogri Gujarati Kannada Kashmiri Kokborok Konkani Maithili Malayalam Manipuri Marathi Mizo Nepali Odia Punjabi Sanskrit Santali Sindhi Tamil Telugu Urdu
National language	None
Religion	79.8% Hinduism 14.2% Islam 2.3% Christianity 1.7% Sikhism 0.7% Buddhism 0.4% Jainism 0.9% others
Demonym	Indian
Government	Federal parliamentary constitutional socialist republic
• President	Ram Nath Kovind
• Vice-President	Venkaiah Naidu
• Prime Minister	Narendra Modi
• Chief Justice	Dipak Misra
• Lok Sabha Speaker	Sumitra Mahajan
Legislature	Parliament of India
• Upper house	Rajya Sabha
• Lower house	Lok Sabha
Independence from the United Kingdom
• Dominion	15 August 1947
• Republic	26 January 1950
Area
• Total	3,287,263 km2 (1,269,219 sq mi) (7th)
• Water (%)	9.6
Population
• 2016 estimate	1,324,171,354 (2nd)
• 2011 census	1,210,854,977 (2nd)
• Density	394.0/km2 (1,020.5/sq mi) (31st)
GDP (PPP)	2017 estimate
• Total	$9.489 trillion (3rd)
• Per capita	$7,153 (122nd)
GDP (nominal)	2017 estimate
• Total	$2.454 trillion (6th)
• Per capita	$1,850 (141st)
Gini (2013)	33.9 medium · 79th
HDI (2015)	0.624 medium · 131st
Currency	Indian rupee (₹) (INR)
Time zone	IST (UTC+05:30)
	DST is not observed
Date format	DD-MM-YYYY
Drives on the	left
Calling code	+91
ISO 3166 code	IN
Internet TLD	.in
Website india.gov.in

India, officially the Republic of India (Bhārat Gaṇarājya), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country (with over 1.2 billion people), and the most populous democracy in the world. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the southwest, and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast. It shares land borders with Pakistan to the west;China, Nepal, and Bhutan to the northeast; and Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh to the east. In the Indian Ocean, India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives. India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia.

The Indian subcontinent was home to the urban Indus Valley Civilisation of the 3rd millennium BCE. In the following millennium, the oldest scriptures associated with Hinduism began to be composed. Social stratification, based on caste, emerged in the first millennium BCE, and Buddhism and Jainism arose. Early political consolidations took place under the Maurya and Gupta empires; the later peninsular Middle Kingdoms influenced cultures as far as southeast Asia. In the medieval era, Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Christianity, and Islam arrived, and Sikhism emerged, all adding to the region's diverse culture. Much of the north fell to the Delhi sultanate; the south was united under the Vijayanagara Empire. The economy expanded in the 17th century in the Mughal Empire. In the mid-18th century, the subcontinent came under British East India Company rule, and in the mid-19th under British crown rule. A nationalist movement emerged in the late 19th century, which later, under Mahatma Gandhi, was noted for nonviolent resistance and led to India's independence in 1947.