Christiana, Norway

Oslo
City
From upper left: Barcode at Bjørvika, Stortinget, Akershus Castle, Astrup Fearnley Museum at Tjuvholmen, Briskeby Line at Uranienborg, Royal Palace
Flag Seal of Oslo
Motto: Unanimiter et constanter (Latin: United and constant)
Coordinates: 59°57′N 10°45′E / 59.950°N 10.750°E / 59.950; 10.750Coordinates: 59°57′N 10°45′E / 59.950°N 10.750°E / 59.950; 10.750
Country	Norway
District	Østlandet
County	Oslo
Established	1048
Government
• Mayor	Marianne Borgen (SV)
• Governing mayor	Raymond Johansen (AP)
Area
• City	480.76 km2 (185.62 sq mi)
• Land	454.08 km2 (175.32 sq mi)
• Water	26.68 km2 (10.30 sq mi)
Elevation	23 m (75 ft)
Population (January 1, 2016)
• City	658,390
• Density	1,400/km2 (3,500/sq mi)
• Urban	942,084
• Metro	1,717,900
Ethnic groups
• Norwegian	71.5%
• Pakistani	3.6%
• Swedish	2.2%
• Somali	2.0%
• Polish	1.7%
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	0001 – 1299
Area code(s)	(+47) 00
Website	www.oslo.kommune.no

Oslo kommune
Municipality
Coat of arms Oslo within Norway
Oslo surrounded by Akershus county
Country	Norway
County	Oslo
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
ISO 3166 code	NO-0301
Official language form	Neutral
Data from Statistics Norway

Oslo timeline (major events) See also expanded timeline
CA. 1000 AD	First traces of buildings. The St. Clement's Church is built.
CA. 1050 AD	Oslo marked as a city. Mariakirken is built.
1152/53 AD	The Cathedral school is established
1299 AD	Oslo becomes the capital of Norway
CA. 1300	Construction of Akershus Fortress starts.
1350 AD	Around 3/4 of the population dies under the Black Death.
1352 AD	St. Hallvard's Cathedral and the other Sogne Churches are burned to the ground in a major fire
1624 AD	Another major fire, the city is rebuilt and renamed Christiania by Christian IV.
1686 AD	Fire ruins 1/4 of the city.
1697 AD	Domkirken is finished and opened
1716 AD	The city and the fortress conquered by Karl XII.
1813	The University is opened.
1825	The foundations of Slottet are finished.
1836	The National Gallery is finished.
1837	Christiania Theatre is opened. Christiania and Aker get a Mayor and kommunestyre.
1854	Oslo gets its first railway, which leads to Eidsvoll.
1866	Stortinget is completed.
1878	City expanded. Frogner, Majorstuen, Torshov, Kampen and Vålerengen are populated and rebuilt. 113 000 citizens.
1892	The first Holmenkollbakken is finished.
1894	The city gets its first electrical track.
1899	Nationaltheateret is finished.
1925	City renamed as Oslo.
1927	The Monolith is raised.
1928	Oslo first Metro line, Majorstuen-Besserud is opened.
1950	Oslo City Hall opened.
1963	The Munch Museum is opened.
1980	Metro line under the city, Oslo Central Station and Nationaltheatret Station opened.
1997	Population over 500 000.
1998	Rikshospitalet opened. New railway line to Gardermoen.
2000	The city celebrates thousand-years jubilee.
2008	Oslo Opera House is opened.
2011	Several buildings in the Regjeringskvartalet are heavily damaged during a terrorist attack, resulting in 8 deaths. 69 people are massacred on the nearby Utøya island.

Number of minorities (1st and 2nd gen.) in Oslo by country of origin in 2015
Nationality	Population (2015)
Pakistan	22,864
Poland	15,862
Sweden	13,911
Somalia	13,789
Iraq	7,854
Sri Lanka	7,272
Morocco	6,569
Turkey	6,397
Iran	6,192
Vietnam	6,164
Philippines	5,917
India	5,246
Denmark	3,777
Germany	3,678
Afghanistan	3,607

Oslo (English pronunciation: /ˈɒzloʊ/, OZ-loh,Norwegian pronunciation: [²uʂlu]  (listen) or, rarer [²uslu] or [ˈuʂlu]) is the capital and the most populous city in Norway. It constitutes both a county and a municipality. Founded in the year 1040, and established as a kaupstad or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada, the city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300. Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 and with Sweden from 1814 to 1905 reduced its influence. After being destroyed by a fire in 1624, the city was moved closer to Akershus Fortress during the reign of Christian IV of Denmark and renamed Christiania in his honour. It was established as a municipality (formannskapsdistrikt) on 1 January 1838. Following a spelling reform, it was known as Kristiania from 1877 to 1925, at which time its original Norwegian name was restored.

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