All-Union
Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics |
Союз Советских Социалистических
Республик
Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik
|
|
|
|
|
Motto
Workers of the world, unite!
Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь!
Proletarii vsekh stran, soyedinyaytes!
Literally: Proletarians of all countries, unite! |
Anthem
The Internationale
(1922–1944)
State Anthem of the Soviet Union
(1944–1991)
|
The Soviet Union after World War II, not including aligned countries. |
| Capital |
Moscow |
| Languages |
Russian (all-union official since 1990) |
| Religion |
None (state atheism)(see text)
|
| Demonym |
Soviet |
| Government |
|
| General Secretary |
|
| • |
1922–1952 |
Joseph Stalin (first)
|
| • |
1991 |
Vladimir Ivashko (last)
|
| Head of state |
|
| • |
1922–1938 |
Mikhail Kalinin (first)
|
| • |
1988–1991 |
Mikhail Gorbachev (last)
|
| Head of government |
|
| • |
1922–1924 |
Vladimir Lenin (first)
|
| • |
1991 |
Ivan Silayev (last)
|
| Legislature |
Supreme Soviet |
| • |
Upper house |
Soviet of the Union |
| • |
Lower house |
Soviet of Nationalities |
| Historical era |
20th century |
| • |
Treaty of Creation |
30 December 1922 |
| • |
Admitted to the United Nations
|
25 October 1945 |
| • |
Constitution adopted |
9 October 1977 |
| • |
Union dissolved |
26 December 1991
|
| Area |
| • |
1991 |
22,402,200 km² (8,649,538 sq mi)
|
| Population |
| • |
1991 est. |
293,047,571 |
|
Density |
13.1 /km² (33.9 /sq mi) |
| Currency |
Soviet ruble (руб) (SUR) |
| Internet TLD |
.su |
| Calling code |
+7 |
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| Today part of |
 Armenia
 Azerbaijan
 Belarus
 China
 Estonia
 Georgia
 Kazakhstan
 Kyrgyzstan
 Latvia
 Lithuania
 Moldova
 Mongolia
 Poland
 Russia
 Tajikistan
 Turkmenistan
 Ukraine
 Uzbekistan
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Notes
- ^ Assigned on 19 September 1990, existing onwards.
- ^ Constituent republics had the right to declare their own official languages.
For details on the succession of states see below.
|
For details on the succession of states see below.
The Soviet Union (Russian: Сове́тский Сою́з, tr. Sovetskiy Soyuz [sɐ'vʲetskʲɪj sɐˈjʉs]), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR; Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик (СССР), Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik (SSSR) [sɐˈjus sɐˈvʲɛtskʲɪx sətsɨəlʲɪsˈtʲitɕɪskʲɪx rʲɪˈspublʲɪk]), also known unofficially as Russia (Russian: Росси́я, tr. Rossiya; IPA: [rɐˈsʲijə]), was a socialist superstate in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991. It was nominally a supranational union of national republics, but its governance and economy were highly centralized in a state that was unitary in most respects. Although each republic had its own communist party, the Union was a one-party state, federal in nature and governed by the all-Union party, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Russian republic (which was itself federative) was not privileged by law, but the Russian nation was in some respects culturally dominant. The Union's capital was Moscow.
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