Mikhail Kalinin
| Mikhail Kalinin | |
|---|---|
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Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin in 1922
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| Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union | |
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In office 17 January 1938 – 19 March 1946 |
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| Deputy | Nikolay Shvernik |
| Preceded by | None—post established |
| Succeeded by | Nikolay Shvernik |
| Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets | |
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In office 30 March 1919 – 15 July 1938 |
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| Preceded by | Mikhail Vladimirsky (acting) |
| Succeeded by | Aleksei Badayev |
| Full member of the 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th Politburo | |
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In office 1 January 1926 – 3 June 1946 |
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| Member of the Orgburo | |
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In office 16 March 1921 – 2 June 1924 |
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| Candidate member of the 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th Politburo | |
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In office 25 March 1919 – 1 January 1926 |
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| Personal details | |
| Born |
Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin 19 November 1875 Verkhnyaya Troitsa, Tver Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Died | 3 June 1946 (aged 70) Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Nationality | Soviet |
| Political party | Communist Party of the Soviet Union |
| Spouse(s) | Ekaterina Ivanovna Lorberg-Kalinina |
| Occupation | Civil servant |
Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (Russian: Михаи́л Ива́нович Кали́нин; 19 November [O.S. 7 November] 1875 – 3 June 1946), known familiarly by Soviet citizens as "Kalinych", was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist–Leninist functionary. He served as head of state of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and later of the Soviet Union from 1919 to 1946. From 1926, he was a member of the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Kalinin was born to a peasant family of ethnic Russian origin in the village of Verkhnyaya Troitsa (Верхняя Троица), Tver Governorate, Russia. He was the elder brother of Fedor Kalinin.
Kalinin finished his education at a local school in 1889 and worked for a time on a farm. He moved to Saint Petersburg, where he found employment as a metal worker in 1895. He also worked as a butler and then as a railway worker at Tbilisi depot, where he met Sergei Alliluyev, the father of Stalin's second wife.
In 1906, he married the ethnic Estonian Ekaterina Lorberg (Russian: Екатерина Ивановна Лорберг (Yekaterina Ivanovna Lorberg) (1882–1960).
Kalinin joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) in 1898, the year of its foundation. He got to know Stalin through the Alliluyev family.
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