Ekaterina Kalinina
| Ekaterina Kalinina | |
|---|---|
| Born |
Ekaterina Lorberg 2 July 1882 |
| Died | 24 December 1960 (aged 78) |
| Nationality | Estonian |
| Known for | Wife of Mikhail Kalinin |
Ekaterina Ivanovna Kalinina (Russian: Екатерина Ивановна Калинина; née Lorberg; 2 July 1882 – 22 December 1960) was the wife of Soviet politician Mikhail Kalinin (1875–1946). Although she was the spouse of the Soviet head of state from 1922 to 1946, she was in a labor camp from 1938 to 1946.
Ekaterina was born into a large Estonian peasant family in 1882. She was an active revolutionary and worked at a textile factory in Estonia. In 1905 she met Mikhail Kalinin in St. Petersburg where she fled due to her revolutionary activities. There Kalinin was working as a lathe operator. They married in 1906 and lived in Kalinin's home in the village of Verkhnyaya Troitsa, Tverskaya Gubernia, until 1910. Then they settled in St. Petersburg.
Before the Revolution Kalinina worked in a bottle factory and was a member of the Bolshevik Party. The Kalinins had four children, two sons and two daughters. According to another report the Kalinin family had three children. She along with the children accompanied Kalinin in his exile to Siberia in 1916.
Following the revolution they moved to Moscow. On 30 March 1919, her husband was named head of the party's executive committee and on 30 December 1922, he became head of the central executive committee. Initially the Kalinins lived in a Kremlin apartment which they shared with the Trotskys. They adopted two children and Ekaterina served as the deputy director of a weaving mill in the aftermath of the revolution. In 1924, she left Moscow and her family for the Caucasus to be involved in a literacy campaign in the region, but returned to Moscow in the same year. She became the manager of a big state grain farm in a remote district near Novosibirsk, Siberia, in the early 1930s. Then she served as a member of the Supreme Court until 1938.
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