Palmyrene Empire
| Palmyrene Empire | ||||||||||
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 The Palmyrene Empire in AD 271.
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| Capital | Palmyra | |||||||||
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| Government | Monarchy | |||||||||
| Monarch | ||||||||||
| • | 267/270–272 | Vaballathus | ||||||||
| • | 273–273 | Antiochus | ||||||||
| Historical era | Late Antiquity | |||||||||
| • | Established | 270 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | 273 | ||||||||
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| Today part of | ||||||||||
The Palmyrene Empire (270–273), a splinter state centered at Palmyra, broke away from the Roman Empire during the crisis of the third century. It encompassed the Roman provinces of Syria Palaestina, Arabia Petraea, Egypt and large parts of Asia Minor.
Zenobia ruled the Palmyrene Empire as regent for her son Vaballathus, who had become King of Palmyra in 267. In 270 Zenobia managed to conquer most of the Roman east in a relatively short period, and tried to maintain relations with Rome. However, in 271 she claimed the imperial title for herself and for her son and fought a short war with the Roman emperor Aurelian, who conquered Palmyra and arrested the self-proclaimed Empress. A year later the Palmyrenes rebelled, which led Aurelian to destroy Palmyra. The Palmyrene Empire is hailed highly in Syria and plays an important role as an icon in Syrian nationalism.
Following the murder of Roman emperor Alexander Severus in 235, general after general squabbled over control of the empire, the frontiers were neglected and subjected to frequent raids by Carpians, Goths and Alamanni, in addition to outright attacks from the aggressive Sassanids in the east. Finally, Shapur I of Persia inflicted a disastrous defeat upon the Romans at the Battle of Edessa in 260, capturing the Roman emperor Valerian and soon, Quietus and Macrianus rebelled against Valerian's son Gallienus and usurped the imperial power in Syria.
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