Aurelian
| Aurelian | |||||
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| 44th Emperor of the Roman Empire | |||||
| Reign | September 270 – September or October 275 | ||||
| Predecessor | Quintillus | ||||
| Successor | Tacitus | ||||
| Born | 9 September 214 or 215 Sirmium, (present-day Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia) |
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| Died | September or October 275 (aged 60-61) Caenophrurium, Thrace (present-day Turkey) |
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| Spouse | Ulpia Severina | ||||
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| Mother | Freedwoman of the clan Aurelius and Priestess of Sol Invictus in her native village. (Doubtful). | ||||
| Full name | |
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| Lucius Domitius Aurelianus (from birth to accession); Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Augustus (as emperor) |
Aurelian (Latin: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus Augustus; 9 September 214 or 215 – September or October 275) was Roman Emperor from 270 to 275. Born in humble circumstances, he rose through the military ranks to become emperor. During his reign, he defeated the Alamanni after a devastating war. He also defeated the Goths, Vandals, Juthungi, Sarmatians, and Carpi. Aurelian restored the Empire's eastern provinces after his conquest of the Palmyrene Empire in 273. The following year he conquered the Gallic Empire in the west, reuniting the Empire in its entirety. He was also responsible for the construction of the Aurelian Walls in Rome, and the abandonment of the province of Dacia.
His successes were instrumental in ending the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century, earning him the title Restitutor Orbis or 'Restorer of the World'. Although Domitian was the first emperor who had demanded to be officially hailed as dominus et deus (master and god), these titles never occurred in written form on official documents until the reign of Aurelian.
Aurelian was born on 9 September, most likely in 214 AD, although 215 AD is also possible. The ancient sources are not agreed on his place of birth, although he was generally accepted as being a native of Illyricum. Sirmium in Pannonia Inferior (now Sremska Mitrovica, Serbia) is the preferred location, which was created by Aurelian as Emperor when he abandoned the old trans-Danubian territory of Dacia. The academic consensus is that he was of humble birth and that his father was a peasant-farmer who took his Roman nomen from his landlord, a senator of the clan Aurelius. Saunders suggests that his family might in fact have been of Roman settler origin and of much higher social status; however, his suggestion has not been taken up by his more recent academic colleagues such as Southern and Watson.
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