Provincia Arabia Petraea | |||||
Province of the Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire | |||||
|
|||||
The Roman Empire c. 125 AD, with the province of Arabia Petraea highlighted. | |||||
Capital | Petra and Bostra | ||||
History | |||||
• | Roman conquest | 106 | |||
• | Palaestina Salutaris established | 390 | |||
• | Muslim conquest | 630s | |||
Today part of |
Egypt Palestine Israel Jordan Syria Saudi Arabia |
Arabia Petraea or Petrea, also known as Rome's Arabian Province (Latin: Provincia Arabia) or simply Arabia, was a frontier province of the Roman Empire beginning in the 2nd century; it consisted of the former Nabataean kingdom in Jordan, southern Levant, the Sinai Peninsula and northwestern Arabian peninsula. Its capital was Petra. It was bordered on the north by Syria, on the west by Iudaea (merged with Syria from AD 135) and Aegyptus, and on the south and east by the rest of Arabia, known as Arabia Deserta and Arabia Felix.
It was annexed by Emperor Trajan, like many other eastern frontier provinces of the Roman Empire, but held onto, unlike Armenia, Mesopotamia and Assyria, well after Trajan's rule – its desert frontier being called the Limes Arabicus. It produced no usurpers and no emperors (Philippus, though Arab, was from Shahbā, a Syrian city added to the province of Arabia at a point between 193 and 225 — Philippus was born around 204). As a frontier province, it included a desert populated by the nomadic Saraceni, and bordering the Parthian hinterland.