Chinese Turkestan

Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى 新疆维吾尔自治区 Sinkiang
Autonomous region
Name transcription(s)
• Chinese	新疆维吾尔自治区 (Xīnjiāng Wéiwú'ěr Zìzhìqū)
• Abbreviation	新  (Pinyin: Xīn)
• Uyghur	شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى
• Uyghur transl.	Shinjang Uyghur Aptonom Rayoni
Map showing the location of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
Coordinates: 41°N 85°E / 41°N 85°E / 41; 85Coordinates: 41°N 85°E / 41°N 85°E / 41; 85
Named for	新 xīn ("new") 疆 jiāng ("frontier" or "borderland") "New Frontier" (meaning "old borderland newly returned") of the Gansu Province and/or of the Western Regions Establishment of the "Gansu Xinjiang Province" (甘肅新疆省) in 1884
Capital (and largest city)	Ürümqi
Divisions	14 prefectures, 99 counties, 1005 townships
Government
• Secretary	Chen Quanguo
• Chairman	Shohrat Zakir
Area
• Total	1,664,897 km2 (642,820 sq mi)
Area rank	1st
Highest elevation (K2)	8,611 m (28,251 ft)
Population (2010)
• Total	21,815,815
• Estimate (2015)	23,600,000
• Rank	25th
• Density	13/km2 (30/sq mi)
• Density rank	29th
Demographics
• Ethnic  composition	45.84% Uyghur 40.48% Han 6.50% Kazakh 4.51% Hui 2.67% Other
• Languages  and dialects	Uyghur (official) Mandarin (official) Kazakh Kyrgyz Oirat Mongolian 43 other languages
ISO 3166 code	CN-65
GDP (2016)	CNY 961 billion USD 144 billion (25th)
- per capita	CNY 40,756 USD 6,137 (16th)
HDI (2014)	0.718 (high) (27th)
Website	Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

Xinjiang
"Xinjiang" in Chinese characters
Chinese name
Chinese	新疆
Postal	Sinkiang
Literal meaning	"New Frontier" (meaning "old borderland newly returned") of the Gansu Province and/or of the Western Regions.
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Xīnjiāng Wade–Giles Hsin1-chiang1 IPA [ɕín.tɕjáŋ] other Mandarin Xiao'erjing سٍكِيْا Wu Romanization sin cian Hakka Romanization Sîn-kiông Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Sān-gēung Jyutping San1 goeng1 Southern Min Hokkien POJ Sin-kiong Teochew Peng'im Sing-kiang Eastern Min Fuzhou BUC Sĭng-giŏng
Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region
Simplified Chinese	新疆维吾尔自治区
Traditional Chinese	新疆維吾爾自治區
Postal	Sinkiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Xīnjiāng Wéiwú'ěr Zìzhìqū other Mandarin Xiao'erjing سٍكِيْا وِءُعَر ذِجِٿُوُ Wu Romanization sin cian vi ng el zy zy chiu Hakka Romanization Sîn-kiông Vì-ngâ-ngì Tshṳ-tshṳ-khî Southern Min Hokkien POJ Sin-kiong Ûi-ngô͘-ní Chū-tī-khu Teochew Peng'im Sing-kiang Jûi-û-jéu Tsĕu-tī-khu Eastern Min Fuzhou BUC Sĭng-giŏng Mì-ngù-ī Cê̤ṳ-dê-kṳ̆
Mongolian name
Mongolian Cyrillic	Синжийан Уйғур-ун өбэртэгэн жасақу орун
Mongolian script	ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠶᠠᠩ ᠤᠶᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ
Transcriptions SASM/GNC Sinjiyaŋ Uyiɣur-un öbertegen jasaqu orun
Uyghur name
Uyghur	شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى
Transcriptions Latin Yëziqi Shinjang Uyghur Aptonom Rayoni Yengi Yeziⱪ Xinjang Uyƣur Aptonom Rayoni SASM/GNC Xinjang Uyĝur Aptonom Rayoni Siril Yëziqi Шинҗаң Уйғур Аптоном Райони
Russian name
Russian	Синьцзян
Romanization	Sin'czjan
Kazakh name
Kazakh	شينجياڭ ۇيعۇر اۆتونوميالى رايونى Шыңжаң Ұйғыр аутономиялық ауданы Şıñjañ Uyğır awtonomïyalıq awdanı
Kyrgyz name
Kyrgyz	شئنجاڭ ۇيعۇر اپتونوم رايونۇ Шинжаң-Уйгур автоном району Şincañ-Uyğur avtonom rayonu
Oirat name
Oirat	Зуунгар Zuungar

Xinjiang (Uyghur: شىنجاڭ‎, ULY: Shinjang; Mandarin pronunciation: [ɕíntɕjɑ́ŋ]; Chinese: ; pinyin: Xīnjiāng), officially the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, is a provincial-level autonomous region of China in the northwest of the country. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and the eighth largest country subdivision in the world, spanning over 1.6 million km² (0.64 million square miles). Xinjiang contains the disputed territory of Aksai Chin, which is administered by China. Xinjiang borders the countries of Mongolia, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan and India. The rugged Karakoram, Kunlun, and Tian Shan mountain ranges occupy much of Xinjiang's borders, as well as its western and southern regions. Xinjiang also borders Tibet Autonomous Region and the provinces of Gansu and Qinghai. The most well-known route of the historical Silk Road ran through the territory from the east to its northwestern border. In recent decades, abundant oil and mineral reserves have been found in Xinjiang, and it is currently China's largest natural gas-producing region.