Pinyin
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| Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Pīnyīn |
| Bopomofo | ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ |
| Wade–Giles | P‘in1-yin1 |
| IPA | [pʰín.ín] |
| Wu | |
| Romanization | phin平 in平 |
| Hakka | |
| Romanization | pin24 im24 |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | ping yām |
| Jyutping | ping3 jam1 |
| Canton Romanization | ping3 yem1 |
| Southern Min | |
| Hokkien POJ | peng-im/pheng-im |
| Teochew Peng'im | pêng¹im¹ |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Hànyǔ Pīnyīn Fāng'àn |
| Bopomofo | ㄏㄢˋ ㄩˇ ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄤ ㄢˋ |
| Wade–Giles | Han4-yü3 P‘in1-yin1 Fang1-an4 |
| IPA | [xân.ỳ pʰín.ín fáŋ.ân] |
| Wu | |
| Romanization | hoe去 nyiu上 phin平 in平 faon平 oe去 |
| Hakka | |
| Romanization | hon55 ngi24 pin24 im24 fong24 on55 |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | hon yúh ping yām fōng on |
| Jyutping | hon3 jyu5 ping3 jam1 fong1 on3 |
| Canton Romanization | hon3 yü5 ping3 yem1 fong1 on3 |
| Southern Min | |
| Hokkien POJ | hàn-gú pheng-im hong-àn |
| Teochew Peng'im | hàng-gí pêng¹im¹ huang¹uan³ |
Pinyin, or Hànyǔ Pīnyīn, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China, Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan. It is often used to teach Standard Chinese, which is normally written using Chinese characters. The system includes four diacritics denoting tones. Pinyin without tone marks is used to spell Chinese names and words in languages written with the Latin alphabet, and also in certain computer input methods to enter Chinese characters.
The pinyin system was developed in the 1950s by many linguists, including Zhou Youguang, based on earlier forms of romanization of Chinese. It was published by the Chinese government in 1958 and revised several times. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) adopted pinyin as an international standard in 1982, followed by the United Nations in 1986. The system was adopted as the official standard in Taiwan in 2009, where it is used for romanization alone (in part to make areas more English-friendly) rather than for educational and computer-input purposes.
The word Hànyǔ (simplified Chinese: 汉语; traditional Chinese: 漢語) means the spoken language of the Han people. Pīnyīn (拼音) literally means "spelled sounds".
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