Zahiruddin Babur
| Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur ظهیرالدین محمد بابُر |
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| Padishah of the Mughal Empire Babur |
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Illustration of Babur
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| 1st Mughal emperor | |||||
| Reign | 1494 - 1497, 1498 - 1500 (Ferghana) 1504 - 1526 (Kabul) 1497-1498, 1500 - 1501, 1511 - 1512 (Samarkand) 1526 - 1530 (Delhi) 27 April 1526 – 26 December 1530 |
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| Predecessor |
Umar Shaikh Mirza II Ibrahim Lodhi (as Sultan of Delhi) |
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| Successor | Humayun | ||||
| Born |
14 February 1483 Andijan, Timurid Empire (present-day Uzbekistan) |
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| Died | 26 December 1530 (aged 47) Agra, Mughal Empire (present-day India) |
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| Burial | Kabul, Bagh-e Babur (present-day Afghanistan) | ||||
| Spouse |
Aisha Sultan Begum Zainab Sultan Begum Maham Begum Masuma Sultan Begum Gulrukh Begum Dildar Begum Mubaraka Yusufzai Saliha Sultan Begum Gulnar Aghacha Nargul Aghacha |
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| Issue |
Humayun Kamran Mirza Askari Mirza Hindal Mirza Ahmad Mirza Shahrukh Masood Mirza Khalil Mirza Barbul Mirza Alwar Mirza Faruq Mirza Fakhr-un-Nissa Begum Ishan Daulat Begum Meher Jahan Begum Masuma Sultan Begum Gulzar Begum Gulrukh Begum Gulbadan Begum Gulchehra Begum Altun Bishik (alleged) |
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| House | Timurid | ||||
| Father | Umar Sheikh Mirza, ʿAmīr of Fergana | ||||
| Mother | Qutlugh Nigar Khanum | ||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||
| Full name | |
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| Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur |
Babur (Persian: بابر, translit. Bābur, lit. "Lion"; 14 February 1483 – 26 December 1530), born Zahīr ud-Dīn Muhammad (Persian: ظهیرالدین محمد), was the founder and first Emperor of the Mughal dynasty in the Indian subcontinent and was thus the last of the Timurid and Chagatid rulers who weren't slaughtered or defeated by Uzbeks the descendants of Jochi. He was a direct descendant of Emperor Timur the Great (Tamurlane) from Transoxiana (in modern-day Uzbekistan).
Babur was the eldest son of Umar Sheikh Mirza, governor of Farghana and great grandson of Timur the Great. He ascended the throne of Farghana in its capital Akhsikent in 1494 at the age of twelve and faced rebellion. He conquered Samarkand two years later, only to lose the vilayat of Fergana soon after. In his attempt to reconquer Fergana, he lost control of Samarkand. In 1501, his attempt to recapture both vilayats went in vain as he was defeated by Muhammad Shaybani Khan. In 1504, he conquered Kabul, which was under the rule of the infant heir of Ulugh Begh. Babur formed a partnership with Safavid ruler Ismail I and reconquered parts of Turkistan, including Samarkand, only to again lose it and the other newly conquered lands to the Sheybanids.
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