Timurid Empire

Timurid Empire
تیموریان گورکانیان (Persian) Gūrkāniyān
1370–1507
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The Timurid Empire at Timur's death (1405)
Capital		Samarkand (1370–1405) Herat (1405–1507)
Languages		Persian Chagatai
Religion		Islam
Government		Monarchy emirate
Emir
•	1370–1405	Timur (first)
•	1506–1507	Badi' al-Zaman (last)
Historical era		Middle Ages
•	Timur begins conquests	1363
•	Establishment of Timurid Empire	9 April 1370
•	Westward expansion begins	1380
•	Battle of Ankara	20 July 1402
•	Fall of Samarkand	1505
•	Fall of Herat	1507
•	Founding of the Mughal Empire	21 April 1526
Area
•	1405 est.	4,400,000 km² (1,698,849 sq mi)
Preceded by Succeeded by Chagatai Khanate Sufi Dynasty Jalayirids Kurt Dynasty Muzaffarids Sarbadars Mughal Empire Khanate of Bukhara Safavid dynasty Khanate of Khiva Kara Koyunlu Ag Qoyunlu

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The Timurid Empire (Persian: تیموریان‎‎), self-designated as Gurkani (Persian: گورکانیان‎‎, Gūrkāniyān), was a PersianateTurco-Mongol empire comprising modern-day Iran, the Caucasus, Mesopotamia, Afghanistan, much of Central Asia, as well as parts of contemporary Pakistan, Syria, and Turkey.

The empire was founded by Timur (also known as Tamerlane), a warlord of Turco-Mongol lineage who established the empire between 1370 and his death in 1405. He envisioned himself as the great restorer of the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan, and, while not descended from him, regarded himself as his heir and associated much with the Borjigin.

The ruling Timurid dynasty or Timurids lost most of Persia to the Ag Qoyunlu confederation in 1467, but members of the dynasty continued to rule smaller states, sometimes known as Timurid emirates, in Central Asia and parts of India. In the 16th century, Babur, a Timurid prince from Ferghana (modern Uzbekistan), invaded Kabulistan (modern Afghanistan) and established a small kingdom there, and from there 20 years later he invaded India to establish the Mughal Empire.