Mughal emperors
| Mughal emperors | |
| Babur | 1526 – 1530 |
| Humayun | 1530 – 1540 1555 – 1556 |
| Akbar | 1556 – 1605 |
| Jahangir | 1605 – 1627 |
| Shahryar (de facto) | 1627 – 1628 |
| Shah Jahan | 1628 – 1658 |
| Aurangzeb | 1658 – 1707 |
| Muhammad Azam Shah (titular) | 1707 |
| Bahadur Shah I | 1707 – 1712 |
| Jahandar Shah | 1712 – 1713 |
| Farrukhsiyar | 1713 – 1719 |
| Rafi ud-Darajat | 1719 |
| Shah Jahan II | 1719 |
| Muhammad Shah | 1719 – 1748 |
| Ahmad Shah Bahadur | 1748 – 1754 |
| Alamgir II | 1754 – 1759 |
| Shah Jahan III (titular) | 1759 – 1760 |
| Shah Alam II | 1760 – 1806 |
| Jahan Shah IV (titular) | 1788 |
| Akbar II | 1806 – 1837 |
| Bahadur Shah II | 1837 – 1857 |
| Empire abolished and replaced by British Raj | |
The Mughal emperors were a branch of the Timurid dynasty. From the early 16th century to the early 18th they built and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan. Their power rapidly dwindled during the 18th century and the last of the emperors was deposed in 1857, with the establishment of the British Raj. The dynasty was of central Asian Turco-Mongol origin from an area now part of modern-day Uzbekistan, and the emperors claimed direct descent from both Timur and Genghis Khan, through his son Chagatai Khan. Timur is generally known in the West as Tamerlane the Great.
At their empire's greatest extent in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, they controlled much of the Indian subcontinent, extending from Bengal in the east to Kabul and Sindh in the west, Kashmir in the north to the Kaveri basin in the south. Its population at the time has been estimated as between 110 and 150 million (a quarter of the world's population), over a territory of more than 3.2 million square kilometres (1.2 million square miles).
The Mughal Empire was founded by Babur, a Central Asian ruler who was descended from the Turko-Mongol conqueror Timur on his father's side and from Chagatai, the second son of the Mongol ruler Genghis Khan, on his mother’s side. Ousted from his ancestral domains in Central Asia by Uzbek Khan, the 14-year old Prince Babur turned to India to satisfy his ambitions. He established himself in Kabul and then pushed steadily southward into India from Afghanistan through the Khyber Pass. Babur's forces occupied much of northern India after his victory at Panipat in 1526. The preoccupation with wars and military campaigns, however, did not allow the new emperor to consolidate the gains he had made in India. The instability of the empire became evident under his son, Humayun, who was driven out of India and into Persia by rebels. Humayun's exile in Persia established diplomatic ties between the Safavid and Mughal Courts, and led to increasing West Asian cultural influence in the Mughal court. The restoration of Mughal rule began after Humayun’s triumphant return from Persia in 1555, but he died from a fatal accident shortly afterwards. Humayun's son, Akbar, succeeded to the throne under a regent, Bairam Khan, who helped consolidate the Mughal Empire in India.
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Wikipedia