Abu'l Muzaffar Muin ud-din Muhammad Shah Farrukh-siyar Alim Akbar Sani Wala Shan Padshah-i-bahr-u-bar [Shahid-i-Mazlum] (or Farrukhsiyar, 20 August 1685 – 19 April 1719) was the Mughal emperor between 1713 and 1719, after murdering Jahandar Shah. Noted as a handsome ruler he was easily swayed by his advisers, he lacked the ability, knowledge and character to rule independently. He was the son of Azim-ush-Shan—the second son of emperor Bahadur Shah I—and Sahiba Nizwan.

His reign witnessed the primacy of the Sayyid Brothers who became the effective powers of the land, behind the façade of Mughal rule. His constant plotting eventually led the Sayyid Brothers to officially depose him.

Muhammad Farrukhsiyar was born on 11 September 1683 (9th Ramzan 1094 AH) at the city of Aurangabad in the Deccan region. He was the second son of Azim-ush-Shan. In 1696, he accompanied his father in his campaign to Bengal. In 1707, the then Mughal emperor Aurangzeb recalled his son Azim-ush-Shan from Bengal, instructing Farrukhsiyar to take charge of the province. Initially, he spent his years in the capital city of Dhaka (presently in Bangladesh) and during the reign of Bahadur Shah I, he shifted to Murshidabad (presently in West Bengal, India).

In 1712, Azim-ush-Shan anticipated Bahadur Shah I's death and a struggle for accession. He therefore recalled Farrukhsiyar. As he was marching past Azimabad (presently Patna in Bihar, India) when he heard of the Mughal emperor's death. Consequently on 21rst March, Farrukhsiyar proclaimed his father's accession to the throne, issued coinage in his father's name and declared that the khutba (public prayer) be made on his name. On 6 April, Farrukhsiyar heard of his father's defeat. The prince becoming distressed contemplated suicide, but was dissuaded by his friends from Bengal.

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