Bahadur Shah (Urdu: بہادر شاه اول‎—Bahādur Shāh Awwal) (14 October 1643 – 27 February 1712), the seventh Mughal emperor of India, ruled from 1707 until his death in 1712. Born Mu'azzam, Shah was the third son of Aurangzeb with his Muslim Rajput wife Nawab Bai and the grandson of Shah Jahan. In his youth, he conspired to overthrow his father and ascend to the throne a number of times. Shah's plans were intercepted by the emperor, who imprisoned him several times. From 1696 to 1707, he was governor of Akbarabad (later known as Agra), Kabul and Lahore.

After Aurangzeb's death Shah's brother, Muhammad Azam Shah, declared himself successor before his defeat in the Battle of Jajau. During his reign, Shah bloodlessly annexed the Rajput states of Jodhpur and Amber and sparked controversy in the khutba by inserting the declaration of Ali as wali. His reign was also disturbed by the Sikh leader Banda Singh Bahadur, who led a rebellion against him. Bahadur Shah was buried in the Moti Masjid at Mehrauli in Delhi.

Mu'azzam was born on 14 October 1643 in Burhanpur to the sixth Mughal emperor, Aurangzeb, and his secondary wife Nawab Bai. He was Nephew of Dara Shikoh. And also grandchild of Mumtaz Mahal. Muzzam was married to Rajkumari Namirta Bai (later Nizam Bai) daughter of Mirza Raja Jai Singh.

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