The Great Northern War

Great Northern War

Clockwise from top: Battle of Narva, Battle of Düna, Battle of Poltava, Battle of Gangut, Battle of Gadebusch

Date	22 February 1700 – 10 September 1721 (21 years, 6 months and 19 days, N.S.)
Location	Northern, Eastern and Central Europe
Result	Coalition victory: Tsardom of Russia establishes itself as a new power in Europe. Decline of the Swedish Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Territorial changes	Treaty of Nystad: Russia gains the three dominions Estonia, Livonia and Ingria as well as parts of Kexholm and Viborg. : Prussia gains parts of Swedish Pomerania. Hanover gains Bremen-Verden. Treaty of Frederiksborg: Holstein–Gottorp loses its part of the Duchy of Schleswig to Denmark. Treaty of the Pruth: Azov and area is ceded back to the Ottoman Empire. Russia demolishes strategic castles such as Taganrog. Charles XII of Sweden gets safe passage from Turkey to Sweden in 1711.

Belligerents

Swedish Empire

Holstein–Gottorp

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
(1704–09)
Ottoman Empire
(1710–14)

Cossack Hetmanate (1708–09)
Great Britain
(1719–20)
Dutch Republic
(1700)

Kingdom of England (1700)

Tsardom of Russia

Electorate of Saxony
(1700–06, 1709–19)

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
(1701–04, 1704–09, 1709–19)

Denmark–Norway
(1700, 1709–20)

Kingdom of Prussia (1715–21)

Electorate of Hanover (1715–19)

Great Britain
(1717–19)

Moldavia
(1711)

Commanders and leaders

Charles XII † (–1718)
Eleonora I (1718–20)
Frederick I (1720–)

Frederick IV † (–1702)
Duke Charles (1702–)
Stanisław I

Ahmed III

Baltacı Mehmet Pasha

Ivan Mazepa † (1708–)

George I

Peter I

Augustus II
(personal union)

Frederick IV

Ivan Mazepa (1700–08)

Frederick William I

Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau

George I
(personal union)

Strength

Initial force:
: 76,000
: 5,000
Temporary support (1700):
: 10,000
: 13 ships
: 12 ships

Later allies (1704–14):
: 24,000
: 130,000 between the years 1710-11
: 4,000

Total initial strength: 85 000 men

Initial force:
: 110,000
: 30,000
: 50,000
: 40,000
: 30,000
Later allies (1715–20):
: 50,000
: 20,000

Total initial strength: 260 000 men

Casualties and losses

About 200,000 Swedish: 25,000 killed in combat,

175,000 killed by famine, disease and exhaustion.

Unknown.
At least 75,000 Russians killed in combat.
14,000–20,000 Poles, Saxons and 8,000 Danes killed in the larger battles.
60,000 Danes dead in total between 1709–1719.

Coalition victory:

Swedish Empire

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
(1704–09)
Ottoman Empire
(1710–14)

Cossack Hetmanate (1708–09)
Great Britain
(1719–20)
Dutch Republic
(1700)

...
Wikipedia