Frederick I of Sweden
| Frederick I | |
|---|---|
King Frederick I, by Martin van Meytens.
|
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| King of Sweden | |
| Reign | 24 March 1720 – 25 March 1751 |
| Coronation | 3 May 1720 |
| Predecessor | Ulrika Eleonora |
| Successor | Adolf Frederick |
| Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel | |
| Reign | 23 March 1730 – 25 March 1751 |
| Predecessor | Charles I |
| Successor | William VIII |
| Born |
28 April 1676 Kassel, Hesse-Kassel |
| Died | 5 April 1751 (aged 74) , Sweden |
| Burial | 27 September 1751 Riddarholmen Church, |
| Spouse |
Luise Dorothea of Prussia Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden |
| Issue more... |
Frederick William von Hessenstein |
| House | Hesse-Kassel |
| Father | Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel |
| Mother | Maria Amalia of Courland |
| Religion |
Lutheran, prev. Calvinism |
Frederick I, Swedish: Fredrik I, (28 April 1676 – 5 April 1751) was prince consort of Sweden from 1718 to 1720, and King of Sweden from 1720 until his death and (as Frederick I) also Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730. He ascended the throne following the death of his brother-in-law, absolutist Charles XII in the Great Northern War, as his sister and heir Ulrika Eleonora preferred to abdicate from her position as queen regnant after relinquishing most powers to the Riksdag of the Estates. His powerless reign saw his family's elimination from the line of succession after the parliamentary government dominated by pro-revanchist Hat Party politicians ventured into a war with Russia, which ended in defeat and the Russian tsarina Elizabeth demanding Adolph Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp to be instated following the death of the king.
He was the son of Charles I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and Princess Maria Amalia of Courland. In 1692 the young prince made his Grand Tour to the Dutch Republic, in 1695 to the Italian Peninsula and later he studied in Geneva. After this he had a military career, leading the Hessian troops as Lieutenant General in the War of Spanish Succession on the side of the Dutch. He was defeated in 1703 in the Battle of Speyerbach, but participated the next year in the great victory in the Battle of Blenheim. In 1706 he was again defeated by the French in the Battle of Castiglione. Both in 1716 and 1718 he joined the campaign of Charles XII of Sweden against Norway, and was appointed Swedish Generalissimus.
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