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Adolph Frederick of Sweden

Adolf Frederick
Gustaf Lundberg - Portrait of Adolf Frederick, King of Sweden - WGA13779.jpg
Adolf Frederick painted by Gustaf Lundberg
King of Sweden
Reign 25 March 1751 – 12 February 1771
Coronation 26 November 1751
Predecessor Frederick I
Successor Gustav III
Born 14 May 1710
Gottorp, Schleswig, Duchy of Schleswig
Died 12 February 1771(1771-02-12) (aged 60)
, , Sweden
Burial 26 February 1771
Riddarholmen Church,
Spouse Louisa Ulrika of Prussia
Issue Gustav III
Charles XIII
Frederick Adolf, Duke of Östergötland
Sophia Albertina, Abbess of Quedlinburg
House Holstein-Gottorp
Father Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin
Mother Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach
Religion Lutheran

Adolf Frederick or Adolph Frederick (Swedish: Adolf Fredrik, German: Adolf Friedrich; 14 May 1710 – 12 February 1771) was King of Sweden from 1751 until his death. He was the son of Christian August of Holstein-Gottorp, Prince of Eutin, and Albertina Frederica of Baden-Durlach.

The first king from the House of Holstein-Gottorp, Adolf Frederick was a weak monarch, instated as first in line of the throne following the parliamentary government's failure to reconquer the Baltic provinces in 1741–43. Aside from a few attempts, supported by pro-absolutist factions among the nobility, to reclaim the absolute monarchy held by former monarchs, he remained a mere constitutional figurehead until his death, by popular belief attributed to a heavy consumption of semlas. His reign saw an extended period of internal peace, although the finances stagnated following failed mercantilist doctrines pursued by the Hat administration. The Hat administration ended only in the 1765–66 parliament, where the Cap opposition overtook the government and enacted reforms towards greater economic liberalism as well as a Freedom of Press Act almost unique at the time for its curtailing of all censorship, retaining punitive measures only for libeling the monarch or the Lutheran state church.

Following his death, his son Gustav III seized power in 1772 in a military coup d'état, reinstating absolute rule.


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