Yuan Shi-kai
| Yuan Shikai | |
|---|---|
| 袁世凱 | |
 |
|
| Emperor of China | |
|
Reign 22 December 1915 – 22 March 1916 |
|
| Prime Minister | Lou Tseng-Tsiang |
| Preceded by | Himself (as President) |
| Succeeded by | Himself (as President) |
| President of the Republic of China | |
|
In office 10 March 1912 – 22 December 1915 |
|
| Premier |
Tang Shaoyi Lou Tseng-Tsiang Zhao Bingjun Xiong Xiling Sun Baoqi Xu Shichang |
| Vice President | Li Yuanhong |
| Preceded by | Sun Yat-sen |
| Succeeded by | Himself (as Emperor) |
|
In office 22 March 1916 – 6 June 1916 |
|
| Premier |
Xu Shichang Duan Qirui |
| Vice President | Li Yuanhong |
| Preceded by | Himself (as Emperor) |
| Succeeded by | Li Yuanhong |
| Prime Minister of the Imperial Cabinet | |
|
In office 2 November 1911 – 10 March 1912 |
|
| Monarch | Xuantong Emperor |
| Preceded by | Yikuang, Prince Qing |
| Succeeded by | Zhang Xun (1917) |
| Viceroy of Zhili and Minister of Beiyang | |
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In office 1915–1916 |
|
| Preceded by | Li Hongzhang |
| Succeeded by | Yang Shixiang |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
16 September 1859 Xiangcheng, Henan, Qing Dynasty |
| Died | 6 June 1916 (aged 56) Beijing, Republic of China |
| Political party |
Beiyang clique Republican Party |
| Spouse(s) | Yu Yishang Lady Shen, concubine Lady Lee, concubine Lady Kim, concubine Lady O, concubine Lady Yang, concubine Lady Ye, concubine Lady Zhang, concubine Lady Guo, concubine Lady Liu, concubine |
| Children |
Yuan Keding Yuan Kewen 15 other sons 15 daughters |
| Occupation | General, Politician |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Qing Dynasty |
| Service/branch | Beiyang Army |
| Years of service | 1881–1916 |
| Rank | Great President of the Republic of China |
| Battles/wars |
Imo Incident Gapsin Coup First Sino-Japanese War Boxer Rebellion |
| Yuan Shikai | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 袁世凱 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 袁世凯 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Yuán Shìkǎi |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh | Yuan Shyhkae |
| Wade–Giles | Yüan2 Shih4-k'ai3 |
| IPA | [ɥɛ̌n ʂɨ̂kʰài] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Yùhn Sai-hói |
| Jyutping | Jyun4 Sai3-hoi2 |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | Uân Sì-khái |
|
Styles of Hongxian Emperor |
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|---|---|
 |
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| Reference style | His Imperial Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Imperial Majesty |
| Alternative style | Sir |
Yuan Shikai (Chinese: 袁世凱; pinyin: Yuán Shìkǎi; 16 September 1859 – 6 June 1916) was a Chinese general, politician and warlord, famous for his influence during the late Qing dynasty, his role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor, his autocratic rule as the first formal President of the Republic of China, and his short-lived attempt to restore monarchy in China, with himself as the Hongxian Emperor (Chinese: 洪憲皇帝).
Yuan Shikai was born in the village of Zhangying (張營村), Xiangcheng County, Chenzhou Prefecture, Henan, though the clan later moved 16 kilometers southeast of Xiangcheng to a hilly area that was easier to defend. There the Yuans had built a fortified village, Yuanzhaicun (Chinese: 袁寨村; literally: "the fortified village of the Yuan family").
Yuan's family was affluent enough to provide Yuan with a traditional Confucian education. As a young man he enjoyed riding, boxing, and entertainment with friends. Though hoping to pursue a career in the civil service, he failed the Imperial examinations twice, leading him to decide on an entry into politics through the Huai Army, where many of his relatives served. His career began with the purchase of a minor official title in 1880, which was a common method of official promotion in the late Qing. Using his father's connections, Yuan travelled to Tengzhou, Shandong, and sought a post in the Qing Brigade. Yuan's first marriage was in 1876 to a woman of the Yu family who bore him a first son, Keding, in 1878. Yuan Shikai married nine more concubines throughout the course of his life.
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