Xuantong Emperor
| Xuantong Emperor 宣统帝 |
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| Emperor of China Xuantong Emperor of the Great Qing Chief Executive of Manchukuo Kangde Emperor of Manchukuo |
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Puyi, c.1934
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| 12th Qing Emperor of China | |||||
| 1st reign | 2 December 1908 – 12 February 1912 | ||||
| 2nd reign | 1 July 1917 – 12 July 1917 | ||||
| Predecessor | Guangxu Emperor | ||||
| Successor | Empire abolished Sun Yat-sen (as President of the Republic of China, 1912) |
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| Regents | Zaifeng, Prince Chun & Empress Dowager Longyu | ||||
| Prime Ministers |
See list
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| Emperor of Manchukuo | |||||
| Reign | 1 March 1934 – 15 August 1945 | ||||
| Predecessor | Empire established | ||||
| Successor | Empire abolished | ||||
| Prime Ministers |
See list
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| Born |
7 February 1906 Beijing, Qing Empire |
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| Died | 17 October 1967 (aged 61) Beijing, People's Republic of China |
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| Burial | Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery (Later moved to Tomb of Puyi near Western Qing Mausoleum near Beijing in 1996) |
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| Spouse |
Empress Wanrong Consort Wenxiu Tan Yuling Li Yuqin Li Shuxian |
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| House | House of Aisin Gioro | ||||
| Father | Zaifeng, Prince Chun | ||||
| Mother | Guwalgiya Youlan | ||||
| Era dates | |
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| Xuantong (Hsüan-tung in Wade-Giles spelling; 宣統; 1909 – 1912, 1917) Datong (Ta-tung in Wade-Giles spelling; 大同; 1 March 1932 – 28 February 1934) Kangde (Kang-te in Wade-Giles spelling; 康德; 1 March 1934 – 17 August 1945) |
| Puyi | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 溥儀 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Simplified Chinese | 溥仪 | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
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| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Pǔyí |
| Wade–Giles | P'u3-i2 |
| IPA | [pʰù.ǐ] |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Póuh-yìh |
| Jyutping | Pou5-ji4 |
| Southern Min | |
| Tâi-lô | Phó-gî |
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Styles of Emperor Puyi\Xuantong\Kangde Emperor |
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| Reference style | His Imperial Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Imperial Majesty |
| Alternative style | Sire |
Puyi (Chinese: 溥儀; 7 February 1906 – 17 October 1967), of the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan, commonly known as Henry Pu Yi, was the last Emperor of China and the twelfth and final ruler of the Qing dynasty. When a child, he ruled as the Xuantong Emperor (Chinese: 宣統帝) from 1908 until his forced abdication on 12 February 1912, after the successful Xinhai Revolution. From 1 to 12 July 1917, he was briefly restored to the throne as emperor by the warlord Zhang Xun. In 1932, after the occupation of Manchuria the state of Manchukuo was established by Japan, and he was chosen to become 'Chief Executive' of the new state using the era-name of Datong (Ta-tung). In 1934, he was declared the Kangde Emperor (or Kang-te Emperor) of Manchukuo and ruled until the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945. After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, Puyi was imprisoned as a war criminal for 10 years, wrote his memoirs and became a titular member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the National People's Congress.
Puyi's name is romanized in English as either "Puyi" or "Pu-yi". This naming is in accordance with the Manchu tradition of avoiding the use of a person's clan name and given name together, but is in complete contravention of Chinese tradition, whereby the given name of a ruler was considered taboo and ineffable. Using a former emperor's personal name (or even using a Chinese character from the name) was a punishable offense under traditional Chinese law. However, after Puyi lost his imperial title in 1924, he was officially styled "Mr. Puyi" (Mr. Pu-yi; simplified Chinese: 溥仪先生; traditional Chinese: 溥儀先生; pinyin: Pǔyí Xiānshēng) in Chinese. His clan name "Aisin Gioro" (simplified Chinese: 爱新觉罗; traditional Chinese: 愛新覺羅; pinyin: Àixīnjuéluó; Wade–Giles: Ai4-hsin1-chüeh2-lo2) was seldom used.
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