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Li Hongzhang

Li Hongzhang
First Class Marquis Suyi,
GCVO
Li Hung Chang in 1896.jpg
Li Hongzhang in 1896
Viceroy of Zhili and Beiyang Trade Minister
In office
1871–1895
Monarch Tongzhi Emperor
Guangxu Emperor
Preceded by Zeng Guofan
Succeeded by Wang Wenshao
In office
1900–1901
Preceded by Yu Lu
Succeeded by Yuan Shikai
Viceroy of Huguang
In office
1867–1870
Preceded by Guanwen
Succeeded by Li Hanzhang
Viceroy of Liangguang
In office
1899–1900
Preceded by Tan Zhonglin
Succeeded by Tao Mo
Personal details
Born (1823-02-15)15 February 1823
Hefei, Anhui, Qing Empire
Died 7 November 1901(1901-11-07) (aged 78)
Beijing, Qing Empire
Spouse(s) Lady Zhou
Zhao Xiaolian
Lady Mo
Relations (father)
(brother)
Occupation Official, general, diplomat
Signature
Military service
Allegiance  Qing Dynasty
Service/branch Beiyang Fleet
Huai Army
Battles/wars Taiping Rebellion
First Sino-Japanese War
Li Hongzhang
Traditional Chinese
Simplified Chinese

Li Hongzhang (also romanised as Li Hung-chang) (15 February 1823 – 7 November 1901), GCVO, was a Chinese politician, general and diplomat of the late Qing dynasty. He quelled several major rebellions and served in important positions in the Qing imperial court, including the Viceroy of Zhili, Huguang and Liangguang.

Although he was best known in the West for his generally pro-modern stance and importance as a negotiator, Li antagonised the British with his support of Russia as a foil against Japanese expansionism in Manchuria and fell from favour with the Chinese after their defeat in the First Sino-Japanese War. His image in China remains controversial, with criticism on one hand for political and military mistakes and praise on the other for his success against the Taiping Rebellion, his diplomatic skills defending Chinese interests in the era of unequal treaties, and his role pioneering China's industrial and military modernisation. He was presented the Royal Victorian Order by Queen Victoria.

Li Hongzhang was also known by other names. His courtesy names were Zifu (子黻; Zǐfú; Tzu-fu) and Jianfu (漸甫; 渐甫; Jiànfǔ; Chien-fu). His pseudonyms were Shaoquan (少荃; Shàoquán; Shao-chüan), Yisou (儀叟; 仪叟; Yísoǔ; I-sou) and Shengxin (省心; Shěngxīn; Sheng-hsin). The posthumous name awarded to him by the Qing government was Wenzhong (文忠; Wénzhōng; Wen-chung). He was also referred to as Li Zhongtang (李中堂; Lǐ Zhōngtáng; Li Chung-tang) and Li Fuxiang (李傅相; Lǐ Fùxiàng; Li Fu-hsiang); "Zhongtang" and "Fuxiang" referred to his honorary appointments as Grand Secretary (大學士) and Crown Prince's Grand Tutor (太子太傅) respectively. He also held the noble peerage First Class Count Suyi (一等肅毅伯; 一等肃毅伯; Yīděng Sùyì Bó) and was posthumously honoured as First Class Marquis Suyi (一等肅毅侯; 一等肃毅侯; Yīděng Sùyì Hóu).


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