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Weimar era

German Reich
Deutsches Reich
1918–1933
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem
Das Lied der Deutschen
"Song of the Germans"
Germany in 1930
German states during the Weimar Republic period
Capital Berlin
Languages German
Religion 1925 census
Majority:
64.1% Protestant (Lutheran, Reformed, Prussian United)
Government 1919–30 Semi-presidential
representative federal republic
1930–33 De facto authoritarian
rule by decree
President
 •  1919–25 Friedrich Ebert
 •  1925–33 Paul von Hindenburg
Chancellor
 •  1919 (first) Philipp Scheidemann
 •  1933 (last) Adolf Hitler
Legislature Reichstag
 •  State Council Reichsrat
Historical era Interwar period
 •  Established 9 November 1918
 •  Government by decree begins 29 March 1930
 •  Hitler appointed Chancellor 30 January 1933
 •  Reichstag fire 27 February 1933
 •  Enabling Act 23 March 1933
Area
 •  1925 468,787 km² (181,000 sq mi)
Population
 •  1925 est. 62,411,000 
     Density 133.1 /km²  (344.8 /sq mi)
Currency
Preceded by
Succeeded by
German Empire
Nazi Germany
Today part of
The coat of arms shown above is the version used after 1928, which replaced that shown in the "Flag and coat of arms" section.

Weimar Republic (German: Weimarer Republik [ˈvaɪmaʁɐ ʁepuˈbliːk]) is an unofficial, historical designation for the German state between 1919 and 1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place. The official name of the state was still Deutsches Reich; it had remained unchanged since 1871. In English the country was usually known simply as Germany. A national assembly was convened in Weimar, where a new constitution for the Deutsches Reich was written, and adopted on 11 August 1919. In its fourteen years, the Weimar Republic faced numerous problems, including hyperinflation, political extremism (with paramilitaries – both left- and right-wing); and contentious relationships with the victors of the First World War. The people of Germany blamed the Weimar Republic rather than their wartime leaders for the country's defeat and for the humiliating terms of the Treaty of Versailles. However, the Weimar Republic government successfully reformed the currency, unified tax policies, and organized the railway system. Weimar Germany eliminated most of the requirements of the Treaty of Versailles; it never completely met its disarmament requirements, and eventually paid only a small portion of the war reparations (by twice restructuring its debt through the Dawes Plan and the Young Plan). Under the Locarno Treaties, Germany accepted the western borders of the republic, but continued to dispute the Eastern border.


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