President of Germany (1919–1945)

President of Germany
Standard of the President (1926–1933)
The Presidential Palace (Reichspräsidentenpalais) at the Wilhelmstrasse in Berlin.
Style	His Excellency
Residence
Seat	Berlin, Germany
Appointer	Direct election under a two-round system
Precursor	German Emperor
Formation	11 February 1919
First holder	Friedrich Ebert
Final holder	Paul von Hindenburg
Abolished	2 August 1934 (death of Hindenburg) 23 May 1945 (Allied dissolution of the Flensburg Government)
Succession	Führer (1934–1945) Bundespräsident (1949-present)

The Reichspräsident was the German head of state under the Weimar constitution, which was officially in force from 1919 to 1945. In English he was usually simply referred to as the President of Germany. The German title Reichspräsident literally means President of the Reich, the term Reich referring to the federal nation state established in 1871.

The Weimar constitution created a semi-presidential system in which power was divided between the president, a cabinet and a parliament. The Reichspräsident was directly elected under universal adult suffrage for a seven-year term. It was intended that the president would rule in conjunction with the Reichstag (legislature) and that his emergency powers would be exercised only in extraordinary circumstances, but the political instability of the Weimar period, and a paralysing factionalism in the legislature, meant that the president came to occupy a position of considerable power (not unlike that of the German Emperor he replaced), capable of legislating by decree and appointing and dismissing governments at will.

In 1934, after the death of President Hindenburg, Adolf Hitler, already Chancellor, assumed the office of Presidency, but did not usually use the title of President – ostensibly out of respect for Hindenburg – and preferred to rule as Führer und Reichskanzler ("Leader and Reich Chancellor"), highlighting the positions he already held in party and government. In his last will in April 1945, Hitler named Joseph Goebbels his successor as Chancellor but named Karl Dönitz as Reichspräsident, thus reviving the individual office for a short while until the German surrender.