Transcaucasian SFSR

Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
Armenian: Անդրկովկասի Խորհրդային Սոցիալիստական Դաշնային (Ֆեդերատիվ) Հանրապետություն Azerbaijani: Zaqafqaziya Sosialist Federativ Sovet Respublikası Georgian: ამიერკავკასიის საბჭოთა ფედერაციული სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა Russian: Закавказская Социалистическая Федеративная Советская Республика
1922–1936
Flag State emblem
Location of the Transcaucasian SFSR within the Soviet Union
Capital		Tiflis
Languages		Georgian Azerbaijani Armenian Russian
Government		Federal soviet socialist republic
History
•	Established	12 March 1922
•	Disestablished	5 December 1936
Area
•	1922	186,100 km² (71,854 sq mi)
Currency		Transcaucasian ruble, Soviet ruble
Preceded by Succeeded by Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic Azerbaijani Soviet Socialist Republic Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
Today part of		Armenia  Azerbaijan  Georgia

The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Transcaucasian SFSR or TSFSR), also known as the Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union that existed from 1922 to 1936. It embraced Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. As they were separated from Russia by the Caucasus Mountains, they were known traditionally as the Transcaucasian Republics.

The roots of a Transcaucasian condominium state trace back to the dissolution of the Russian Empire in 1918, following the October Revolution, when the provinces of the Caucasus seceded and formed their own state called the Transcaucasian Federation. Competing ethno-national interests and confrontation with the Ottoman Empire in World War I led to the dissolution of the Transcaucasian Federation only two months later, in April 1918.

The three successor states: the First Republic of Armenia, the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan, and the Democratic Republic of Georgia, lasted until the end of the Russian Civil War that was being fought across the mountains, when they were invaded by the Red Army and sovietized. Following the proposal by Vladimir Lenin the three now Soviet Republics, the Armenian, Azerbaijani and Georgian SSRs, were united into the Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia on March 12, 1922. In the same year, on December 13, the First Transcaucasian Congress of Soviets transformed this federation of states into a federative state and renamed it into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, though keeping formally the autonomy of the constituent republics. The congress also adopted the constitution, appointed the Central Executive Committee (the highest legislative body), and the Council of People's Commissars (the government). Mamia Orakhelashvili, a Georgian Bolshevik leader, became the first chairman of the Transcaucasian SFSR Council of People’s Commissars.Tbilisi was the capital of the republic.