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Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt

Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt
سلطنة المماليك
Salṭanat al-Mamālīk
ed-Devletü't-Türkiyye
1250–1517


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Extent of the Mamluk Sultanate under Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad
Capital Cairo (1250–1517)
Languages Arabic (Egyptian and Classical)
Turkic (Oghuz and Cuman-Kipchak)
Circassian
Religion Sunni Islam
Government Monarchy
Sultan
 •  1250 Shajar ad-Durr
 •  1250–1257 Izz al-Din Aybak
 •  1260–1277 Baibars
 •  1516–1517 Tuman bay II
History
 •  Murder of Turanshah 2 May 1250
 •  Second Ottoman–Mamluk War 22 January 1517
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Abbasid Caliphate
Ayyubid dynasty
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Ottoman Empire
Today part of


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in Anatolia
Artuqid dynasty
Saltuqid dynasty
in Azerbaijan
Ahmadili dynasty
Ildenizid dynasty
in Egypt
Tulunid dynasty
Ikhshidid dynasty
in Fars
Salghurid dynasty
in The Levant
Burid dynasty
Zengid dynasty
in Yemen
Rasulid dynasty


The Mamluk Sultanate (Arabic: سلطنة المماليك‎‎ Salṭanat al-Mamālīk) was a medieval realm spanning Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz. It lasted from the overthrow of the Ayyubid Dynasty until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. Historians have traditionally broken the era of Mamlūk rule into two periods—one covering 1250–1382, the other, 1382–1517. Western historians call the former the "Baḥrī" period and the latter the "Burjī" due to the political dominance of the regimes known by these names during the respective eras. Contemporary Muslim historians refer to the same divisions as the "Turkish" and "Circassian" periods in order to stress the change in the ethnic origins of the majority of Mamlūks.


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