Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt

Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt
سلطنة المماليك Salṭanat al-Mamālīk ed-Devletü't-Türkiyye
1250–1517
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Extent of the Mamluk Sultanate under Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad
Capital		Cairo (1250–1517)
Languages		Arabic (Egyptian and Classical) Turkic (Oghuz and Cuman-Kipchak) Circassian
Religion		Sunni Islam
Government		Monarchy
Sultan
•	1250	Shajar ad-Durr
•	1250–1257	Izz al-Din Aybak
•	1260–1277	Baibars
•	1516–1517	Tuman bay II
History
•	Murder of Turanshah	2 May 1250
•	Second Ottoman–Mamluk War	22 January 1517
Preceded by Succeeded by Abbasid Caliphate Ayyubid dynasty Kingdom of Jerusalem Ottoman Empire
Today part of		-  Egypt  Israel  Jordan  Lebanon  Libya Palestine  Saudi Arabia  Sudan  Syria  Turkey

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in Anatolia
Artuqid dynasty
Saltuqid dynasty
in Azerbaijan
Ahmadili dynasty
Ildenizid dynasty
in Egypt
Tulunid dynasty
Ikhshidid dynasty
in Fars
Salghurid dynasty
in The Levant
Burid dynasty
Zengid dynasty
in Yemen
Rasulid dynasty

The Mamluk Sultanate (Arabic: سلطنة المماليك‎‎ Salṭanat al-Mamālīk) was a medieval realm spanning Egypt, the Levant, and Hejaz. It lasted from the overthrow of the Ayyubid Dynasty until the Ottoman conquest of Egypt in 1517. Historians have traditionally broken the era of Mamlūk rule into two periods—one covering 1250–1382, the other, 1382–1517. Western historians call the former the "Baḥrī" period and the latter the "Burjī" due to the political dominance of the regimes known by these names during the respective eras. Contemporary Muslim historians refer to the same divisions as the "Turkish" and "Circassian" periods in order to stress the change in the ethnic origins of the majority of Mamlūks.