Aybak
| Izz al-Din Aybak | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Sultan of Egypt (first reign) |
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| Reign | July 1250 (five days) | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Shajar al-Durr | ||||||||
| Successor | Al-Ashraf Musa | ||||||||
| (second reign) | |||||||||
| Reign | 1254–1257 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Al-Ashraf Musa | ||||||||
| Successor | Al-Mansur Ali | ||||||||
| Died | 1257 | ||||||||
| Burial | Cairo | ||||||||
| Spouse | Shajar al-Durr | ||||||||
| Issue | Al-Mansur Ali | ||||||||
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| Religion | Islam | ||||||||
| Full name | |
|---|---|
| al-Malik al-Mu'izz Izz al-Din Aybak al-Jawshangir al-Turkmani al-Salihir | |
| Era name and dates | |
| Bahri Mamluks: 1250, 1254–1382, 1389 |
Izz al-Din Aybak (Arabic: عز الدين أيبك) (epithet: al-Malik al-Mu'izz Izz al-Din Aybak al-Jawshangir al-Turkmani al-Salihi, Arabic: الملك المعز عز الدين أيبك التركماني الجاشنكير الصالحى) was the first of the Mamluk sultans of Egypt in the Turkic Bahri line. He ruled from 1250 until his death in 1257.
Aibak was an Emir/commander of Turkic origin who served with other Turkmens in the court of the Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub and therefore was known among the Bahri Mamluks as Aybak al-Turkmani. He raised to the position of Emir (commander) and worked as a Jashnkir (taster of the sultan's food and drink, or cupbearer) and used the rank of a Khawanja (Sultan's accountant).
After the death of as-Salih Ayyub during the Frankish invasion of Damietta in 1249 and the murder of his heir and son Turanshah in 1250, Shajar al-Durr, the widow of as-Salih Ayyub, with the help and support of the Mamluks of her late husband, seized the throne and became the Sultana of Egypt. The Ayyubids lost control over Egypt.
Both the Ayyubids in Syria and the Abbasid Caliph al-Musta'sim in Baghdad defied the Mamluk move in Egypt and refused to recognize Shajar al-Durr as a Sultana but the Mamluks in Egypt renewed their oath to the new Sultana, and she appointed Aybak to the important position of Atabeg (commander in chief).
Feeling uneasy when the Syrian Emirs refused to pay homage to Shajar al-Durr and granted Damascus to an-Nasir Yusuf the Ayyubbid emir of Aleppo, Shajar al-Durr married Aybak then abdicated and passed the throne to Aybak after she ruled Egypt for 80 days, starting on May 2, 1250.
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