Indonesia–Malaysia Confrontation

Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation

Part of the Cold War

British forces in Borneo during Confrontation.jpg

A British soldier is winched up by a Westland Wessex helicopter during an operation in Borneo.

Date

20 January 1963 – 11 August 1966
(3 years, 6 months, 3 weeks and 1 day)

Location

Malay Peninsula, Borneo

Result

Commonwealth victory:

Sukarno replaced by Suharto.
Indonesia accepts formation of Malaysia.

Belligerents

Commonwealth of Nations

Malaysia

Before Federation:

Supported by:

Canada (material aid)

Indonesia

Aligned parties:
North Kalimantan Communist Party

• Sarawak People's Guerilla Force (SPGF)
• North Kalimantan People's Army (NKPA)

Brunei People's Party

• North Kalimantan National Army (NKNA)

Supported by:

Commanders and leaders

Tuanku Syed Putra (1962–1965)
Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah (1965–1966)
Tunku Abdul Rahman
(political)
Abdul Razak Hussein (1964–1966)
Yusof Ishak (1962–1965)
Walter Walker
(military)

Casualties and losses

114 killed
181 wounded

590 killed
222 wounded

Civilian casualties
36 killed
53 wounded
4 taken prisoner

Commonwealth victory:

Commonwealth of Nations

Before Federation:

Aligned parties:
North Kalimantan Communist Party

Brunei People's Party

The Indonesian–Malaysian confrontation or Borneo confrontation (also known by its Indonesian/Malay name, Konfrontasi) was a violent conflict from 1963–66 that stemmed from Indonesia's opposition to the creation of Malaysia. The creation of Malaysia was the amalgamation of the Federation of Malaya (now West Malaysia), Singapore and the crown colony/British protectorates of North Borneo and Sarawak (collectively known as British Borneo, now East Malaysia) in September 1963. Important precursors to the conflict included Indonesia's policy of confrontation against Netherlands New Guinea from March–August 1962 and the Brunei Revolt in December 1962.

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