Federation of Malaya
| Federation of Malaya | ||||||||||||||
| Persekutuan Tanah Melayu ڤرسكوتوان تانه ملايو |
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| Capital | Kuala Lumpur | |||||||||||||
| Languages |
Malay English |
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| Government | Constitutional monarchy | |||||||||||||
| Yang di-Pertuan Agong | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1957–1960 | Tuanku Abdul Rahman | ||||||||||||
| • | 1960 | Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah | ||||||||||||
| • | 1960–1963 | Tuanku Syed Putra | ||||||||||||
| Prime Minister | Tunku Abdul Rahman | |||||||||||||
| History | ||||||||||||||
| • | Established | 1 February 1948 | ||||||||||||
| • | Independence | 31 August 1957 | ||||||||||||
| • | Malaysia Agreement | 16 September 1963 | ||||||||||||
| Area | ||||||||||||||
| • | 1963 | 132,364 km² (51,106 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| Currency | Malaya / British Borneo dollar | |||||||||||||
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| Today part of |
 Malaysia
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The Federation of Malaya (Malay: Persekutuan Tanah Melayu; Jawi: ڤرسكوتوان تانه ملايو) was a federation of 11 states (nine Malay states and two of the British Straits Settlements, Penang and Malacca) that existed from 1 February 1948 until 16 September 1963. The Federation became independent on 31 August 1957, and in 1963 Malaysia was formed with the Singapore, North Borneo, and Sarawak Crown Colonies. The combination of states that formerly made up the Federation of Malaya is currently known as Peninsular Malaysia.
From 1946 to 1948, the 11 states formed a single British crown colony known as the Malayan Union. Due to opposition from Malay nationalists, the Union was disbanded and replaced by the Federation of Malaya, which restored the symbolic positions of the rulers of the Malay states.
Within the Federation, while the Malay states were protectorates of the United Kingdom, Penang and Malacca remained British colonial territories. Like the Malayan Union before it, the Federation did not include Singapore, despite its traditional connections with Malaya.
The Federation achieved independence within the Commonwealth of Nations on 31 August 1957. In 1963, the Federation was reconstituted as "Malaysia" when it federated with the British territories of Singapore, Sarawak, and North Borneo; a claim to the latter territory was maintained by the Philippines. Singapore separated from Malaysia to become an independent republic on 9 August 1965.
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