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Ghaurid Dynasty

Ghurid Sultanate
Shansabānī
before 879–1215
Map of the Ghurid dynasty at its greatest extent under Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad
Capital Firozkoh
Herat
Ghazni (1170s–1215)
Lahore (1186–1215; winter)
Languages Persian (court)
Religion Before 1011:
Buddhism
From 1011:
Sunni Islam
Government Hereditary monarchy
Malik/Sultan
 •  9th-century–10th-century Amir Suri (first)
 •  1214–1215 Ala al-Din Ali (last)
History
 •  Established before 879
 •  Disestablished 1215
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Ghaznavids
Great Seljuq Empire
Gurjara-Pratihara
Chandelas
Delhi Sultanate
Khwarazmian dynasty
Today part of

The Ghurids or Ghorids (Persian: سلسله غوریان‎; self-designation: شنسبانی, Shansabānī) were a dynasty of Eastern Iranian descent (presumably Tajik, but the exact ethnic origin is uncertain), from the Ghor region of present-day central Afghanistan. The dynasty converted to Sunni Islam from Buddhism, after the conquest of Ghor by the Ghaznavid emperor Mahmud of Ghazni in 1011. Abu Ali ibn Muhammad (reigned 1011–1035) was the first Muslim king of the Ghurid dynasty to construct mosques and Islamic schools in Ghor.

The dynasty overthrew the Ghaznavid Empire in 1186, when Sultan Mu'izz ad-Din Muhammad of Ghor conquered the last Ghaznavid capital of Lahore. At their zenith, the Ghurid empire encompassed Khorasan in the west and reached northern India as far as Bengal in the east. Their first capital was Firozkoh in Mandesh, Ghor, which was later replaced by Herat, while Ghazni and Lahore were used as additional capitals, especially during winters. The Ghurids were patrons of Persian culture and heritage.

The Ghurids were succeeded in Khorasan and Persia by the Khwarazmian dynasty, and in northern India by the Mamluk dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.


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