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Eritrean War of Independence

Eritrean Independence War
Part of the Ethiopian Civil War, the Cold War and the conflicts in the Horn of Africa
Eritrean Independence War Map.png
Military situation during the Eritrean Independence War
Date 1 September 1961 – 29 May 1991
(29 years, 8 months and 4 weeks)
Location Eritrea (as part of Ethiopia)
Result

Eritrean victory

Territorial
changes
Independence of Eritrea; Ethiopia becomes a landlocked country.
Belligerents

ELF
Supported by:
Libya (until 1977)
 Cuba (until 1974)
 Syria
 Iraq
 Tunisia
 Saudi Arabia
 Somalia
 Sudan


EPLF
Supported by:
 China
 Sudan
Libya (1977–1991)
 Somalia
 Syria

 United States (May 1991)

1961–1974
Ethiopian Empire
Supported by:
 United States
 Israel


1974–1991
Derg (1974–1987)
PDRE (1987–1991)
Supported by:
 Cuba (1977–1989)
 Soviet Union (1974–1990)
 South Yemen

 Israel
Commanders and leaders

Hamid Idris Awate
Abdella Idris
Isaias Afewerki
Mohammed Said Bareh
Sebhat Ephrem
Petros Solomon
Gerezgher Andemariam
Meles Zenawi
Woldeab Woldemariam

Ibrahim Sultan Ali

Haile Selassie (1961–1974)
Aklilu Habte-Wold (1961–1974)
Tafari Benti (1974–1977)
Mengistu Haile Mariam (1977–1991)
Tariku Ayne

Addis Tedla
Casualties and losses
~60,000 soldiers
~90,000 civilians
~80,000 soldiers

Eritrean victory

ELF
Supported by:
Libya (until 1977)
 Cuba (until 1974)
 Syria
 Iraq
 Tunisia
 Saudi Arabia
 Somalia
 Sudan


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