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People's Democratic Republic of Yemen

People's Democratic Republic of Yemen
جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية
Jumhūrīyat al-Yaman ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyah ash-Sha‘bīyah
Satellite state of the Soviet Union (1970–1990)
1967–1990
Flag Coat of arms
The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen in 1990.
Capital Aden
Languages Arabic
English
Mehri
Soqotri
Hobi
Shehri
South Arabian
Government Unitary Marxist–Leninist one-party state
General Secretary
 •  1978–1980 Abdul Fattah Ismail
 •  1980–1986 Ali Nasir Muhammad
 •  1986–1990 Ali Salim al-Beidh
President
 •  1967–1969 (first) Qahtan al-Shaabi
 •  1986–1990 (last) Haidar al-Attas
Prime Minister
 •  1969 Faysal al-Shaabi
 •  1969–1971 Muhammad Ali Haitham
 •  1971–1985 Ali Nasir Muhammad
 •  1985–1986 Haidar al-Attas
 •  1986–1990 Yasin Said Numan
Legislature Supreme People's Council
Historical era Cold War
 •  Independence declared 30 November 1967
 •  UN membership 14 December 1967
 •  Constitution adopted 31 October 1978
 •  Unification 22 May 1990
Area
 •  1990 360,133 km² (139,048 sq mi)
Population
 •  1990 est. 2,585,484 
     Density 7.2 /km²  (18.6 /sq mi)
Currency South Yemeni dinar
Calling code +969
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Federation of South Arabia
Protectorate of South Arabia
Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
Yemen
ISO 3166-1 = YD
ISO 3166-3 = YDYE
North Yemen-South Yemen Border Conflict of 1972
Divided Yemen.svg
North & South Yemen
Date 1972
Location North Yemen-South Yemen border
Result
  • No territorial changes
Belligerents

 North Yemen Supported by:
 Saudi Arabia
 Jordan
United States United States
 Republic of China
 United Kingdom

 West Germany

 South Yemen
National Democratic Front
Supported by:
 Soviet Union
 Cuba
 East Germany
 Czechoslovakia

 Libya
Commanders and leaders
Yemen Arab Republic Ali Abdullah Saleh Abdel Fattah Ismail
Strength
24,000

The People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (Arabic: جمهورية اليمن الديمقراطية الشعبية‎‎ Jumhūrīyat al-Yaman ad-Dīmuqrāṭīyah ash-Sha‘bīyah), also referred to as South Yemen, Democratic Yemen or Yemen (Aden) a.k.a. South Arabian Federation, was a socialist state in the southern and eastern provinces of the present-day Republic of Yemen, including the island of Socotra. It united with the Yemen Arab Republic (commonly known as "North Yemen") on 22 May 1990, to form the present-day Yemen. After four years, however, South Yemen declared its secession from the north, which resulted in the north occupying south Yemen and the 1994 civil war.

In 1838, Sultan Muhsin bin Fadl of the nearby state of Lahej ceded 194 km² (75 sq. miles) including Aden to the British. On 19 January 1839, the British East India Company landed Royal Marines at Aden to occupy the territory and stop attacks by pirates against British shipping to India. It then became an important trading hub between British India and the Red Sea, and following the opening of the Suez canal in 1869, it became a coaling station for ships en route to India. Aden was ruled as part of British India until 1937, when the city of Aden became the Colony of Aden. The Aden hinterland and Hadhramaut to the east formed the remainder of what would become South Yemen and was not administered directly by Aden but were tied to Britain by treaties of protection with local rulers of traditional polities that, together, became known as the Aden Protectorate. Economic development was largely centered in Aden, and while the city flourished, the states of the Aden Protectorate stagnated.


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