Bukhara Khanate

Khanate of Bukhara
خانات بخارا
1500–1785
War flag
The Khanate of Bukhara (green), c. 1600.
Capital		Bukhara
Languages		Persian,Uzbek
Religion		Islam (Sunni, Naqshbandi Sufism)
Government		Monarchy
Khan
•	1500–1510	Muhammad Shaybani
•	1599–1605	Baqi Muhammad Khan
•	1747–1753	Muhammed Rahim
•	1758–1785	Abu’l Ghazi Khan
Historical era		Early modern period
•	Establishment of Shaybanid dynasty	1500
•	Capture of Samarkand	1505
•	Establishment of Janid dynasty	1599
•	The khanate is conquered by Nader shah After Mohammad Hakim surrenders	1745
•	Manghit dynasty takes control after Nader shah dies and his empire breaks up	1747
•	Establishment of Emirate of Bukhara	1785
Population
•	1902 est.	2,000,000 est.
Preceded by Succeeded by Golden Horde Timurid Empire Emirate of Bukhara Khanate of Kokand Durrani Empire
Today part of		Uzbekistan  Tajikistan  Turkmenistan  Kazakhstan  Afghanistan  Pakistan  China

The Khanate of Bukhara (or Khanate of Bukhoro) (Persian: خانات بخارا‎‎; Uzbek: Buxoro Xonligi) was a Central Asian state from the second quarter of the 16th century to the late 18th century. Bukhara became the capital of the short-lived Shaybanid empire during the reign of Ubaydallah Khan (1533–1540). The khanate reached its greatest extent and influence under its penultimate Shaybanid ruler, the scholarly Abdullah Khan II (r. 1577–1598).

In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Khanate was ruled by the Janid Dynasty (Astrakhanids or Hashtarkhanids). They were the last Genghisid descendants to rule Bukhara. In 1740, it was conquered by Nadir Shah, the Shah of Iran. After his death in 1747, the khanate was controlled by the non-Genghisid descendants of the Uzbek emir Khudayar Bi, through the prime ministerial position of ataliq. In 1785, his descendent, Shah Murad, formalized the family's dynastic rule (Manghit dynasty), and the khanate became the Emirate of Bukhara. The Manghits were non-Genghisid and took the Islamic title of Emir instead of Khan since their legitimacy was not based on descent from Genghis Khan.

The Shaybanid dynasty ruled the Khanate from 1500 to 1598. Under their rule, Bukhara became a center of arts and literature and educational reforms were introduced.

New books on history and geography were written in this period, such as Haft iqlīm (Seven Climates) by Amin Ahmad Razi, a native of Iran. Bukhara of the 16th century attracted skilled craftsman of calligraphy and miniature-paintings, such as Sultan Ah Maskhadi, Mahmud ibn Eshaq Shakibi, the theoretician in calligraphy and dervish Mahmud Buklian, Molana Mahmud Muzahheb, and Jelaleddin Yusuf. Among the famous poets and theologians who worked in Bukhara in that era were Mushfiki, Nizami Muamaya, and Mohammad Amin Zahed. Molana Abd-al Hakim was the most famous of the many physicians who practised in the Bukharan khanate in the 16th century.