Borneo Confrontation

Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
Part of the Cold War
A British soldier is winched up by a Westland Wessex helicopter during an operation in Borneo.
Date 20 January 1963 – 11 August 1966 (3 years, 6 months, 3 weeks and 1 day) Location Malay Peninsula, Borneo Result Commonwealth victory: Sukarno replaced by Suharto. Indonesia accepts formation of Malaysia.
Belligerents
Commonwealth of Nations  Malaysia Before Federation:  •  Malaya  • North Borneo  • Sarawak  • Singapore  United Kingdom  Australia  New Zealand  Brunei Supported by:  Canada (material aid)  India  United States	Indonesia Aligned parties: North Kalimantan Communist Party  • Sarawak People's Guerilla Force (SPGF)  • North Kalimantan People's Army (NKPA) Brunei People's Party  • North Kalimantan National Army (NKNA) Supported by:  China  Soviet Union
Commanders and leaders
Tuanku Syed Putra (1962–1965) Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah (1965–1966) Tunku Abdul Rahman (political) Abdul Razak Hussein (1964–1966) Yusof Ishak (1962–1965) Walter Walker (military)	Sukarno Suharto Omar Dani Benny Murdani Abdul Haris Nasution Ahmad Yani Bong Kee Chok A. M. Azahari Yassin Affandi
Casualties and losses
114 killed 181 wounded	590 killed 222 wounded
Civilian casualties 36 killed 53 wounded 4 taken prisoner

Commonwealth victory:

Commonwealth of Nations

Before Federation:

Aligned parties:
North Kalimantan Communist Party

Brunei People's Party

The Indonesian–Malaysian confrontation or Borneo confrontation (also known by its Indonesian/Malay name, Konfrontasi) was a violent conflict from 1963–66 that stemmed from Indonesia's opposition to the creation of Malaysia. The creation of Malaysia was the amalgamation of the Federation of Malaya (now West Malaysia), Singapore and the crown colony/British protectorates of North Borneo and Sarawak (collectively known as British Borneo, now East Malaysia) in September 1963. Important precursors to the conflict included Indonesia's policy of confrontation against Netherlands New Guinea from March–August 1962 and the Brunei Revolt in December 1962.

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