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Bohai Kingdom

Balhae
발해 (渤海)
698–926
The territory of Balhae, in 830s during the reign of King Seon of Balhae.
Capital Dongmo Mountain
(698–742)

Junggyeong
(742–756)

Sanggyeong
(756–785)
Donggyeong
(785–793)

Sanggyeong
(793–926)
Languages Goguryeo language
(Part of Old Korean)
Religion Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shamanism
Government Monarchy
King
 •  698–719 Go
 •  719–737 Mu
 •  737–793 Mun
 •  818–830 Seon
Historical era Ancient
 •  Establishment 698
 •  Fall of Sanggyeong January 14, 926
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Goguryeo
Goryeo Dynasty
Liao Dynasty
Later Balhae
Today part of  North Korea
 China
 Russia
Balhae/Bohai
Chinese name
Chinese 渤海
Original Chinese name
Chinese
Korean name
Hangul 발해
Hanja 渤海
Original Korean name
Hangul
Hanja
Monarchs of Korea
Balhae
  1. Go 698-719
  2. Mu 719–737
  3. Mun 737–793
  4. Dae Won-ui 793
  5. Seong 793-794
  6. Gang 794–809
  7. Jeong 809-812
  8. Hui 812–817
  9. Gan 817–818
  10. Seon 818–830
  11. Dae Ijin 830–857
  12. Dae Geonhwang 857–871
  13. Dae Hyeonseok 871–894
  14. Dae Wihae 894–906
  15. Dae Inseon 906–926

Balhae (698–926, Korean pronunciation: [pal.ɦɛ], Bohai in Chinese) was a kingdom in present-day northern Korea, areas of China's Northeast, and Russia's Maritime Province. Balhae was established under the name Jin by former Goguryeo general Dae Jo-yeong (King Go) in 698 after his defeat of the Tang China at Tianmenling. Balhae's original capital was at Dongmo Mountain in modern Dunhua, Jilin Province. In 742 it was moved to the Central Capital in Helong, Jilin. It was moved to the Northern Capital in Ning'an, Heilongjiang in 755, to the Eastern Capital in Hunchun, Jilin in 785, and back to the Northern Capital in 794. According to a Chinese source, the kingdom had 100,000 households and a population of about 500,000. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Balhae culture was an amalgamation of Chinese, Korean, and indigenous cultures. In 926, the Khitan Liao dynasty conquered Balhae and established the autonomous kingdom of Dongdan ruled by the Liao crown prince Yelü Bei, which was soon absorbed into the Liao., while the southern parts of its territory, and a series of nobilities led by crown prince Dae Gwang-hyeon were absorbed into Goryeo.

Korean scholars consider Balhae as the part of the North–South States Period of Korean history, while Chinese scholars consider Bohai as the part of Chinese history.


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