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Goryeo Dynasty

Kingdom of Goryeo
고려국 (高麗國)
Independent kingdom
(918–1270, 1356–1392)
Vassal of the Mongol Yuan dynasty
(1270–1356)
918–1392
Royal flag Royal seal(1370-92)
Goryeo in 1389
Capital Gaegyeong
(919–1232, 1270–1392)

Ganghwa
(1232–1270)
Languages Middle Korean
Religion Korean Buddhism, Korean Confucianism, Korean Taoism, Korean shamanism
Government Monarchy
King
 •  918–943 Taejo (first)
 •  949–975 Gwangjong
 •  981–997 Seongjong
 •  1046–1083 Munjong
 •  1351–1374 Gongmin
 •  1389–1392 Gongyang (last)
Military regime leader
 •  1170–1171 Jeong Jung-bu (first)
 •  1171–1174 Yi Ui-bang
 •  1196–1219 Choe Chung-heon
 •  1270 Im Yu-mu (last)
History
 •  Later Three Kingdoms rise 900
 •  Coronation of Taejo 15 June, 918
 •  Unification of the Later Three Kingdoms 936
 •  Goryeo–Khitan War 993–1019
 •  Completion of Tripitaka Koreana 1251
 •  Military regime 1170–1270
 •  Vassal of the Mongol Yuan dynasty 1270–1356
 •  Abdication of Gongyang 17 July, 1392
Population
 •  1123 est. est. 2,100,000 
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Unified Silla
Hubaekje
Taebong
Balhae
Joseon
Today part of  South Korea
 North Korea
Monarchs of Korea
Goryeo
  1. Taejo 918–943
  2. Hyejong 943–945
  3. Jeongjong 945–949
  4. Gwangjong 949–975
  5. Gyeongjong 975–981
  6. Seongjong 981–997
  7. Mokjong 997–1009
  8. Hyeonjong 1009–1031
  9. Deokjong 1031–1034
  10. Jeongjong II 1034–1046
  11. Munjong 1046–1083
  12. Sunjong 1083
  13. Seonjong 1083–1094
  14. Heonjong 1094–1095
  15. Sukjong 1095–1105
  16. Yejong 1105–1122
  17. Injong 1122–1146
  18. Uijong 1146–1170
  19. Myeongjong 1170–1197
  20. Sinjong 1197–1204
  21. Huijong 1204–1211
  22. Gangjong 1211–1213
  23. Gojong 1213–1259
  24. Wonjong 1259–1269
  25. Yeongjong1269
  26. Wonjong 1269–1274
  27. Chungnyeol 1274–1308
  28. Chungseon 1308–1313
  29. Chungsuk 1313–1330
    1332–1339
  30. Chunghye 1330–1332
    1339–1344
  31. Chungmok 1344–1348
  32. Chungjeong 1348–1351
  33. Gongmin 1351–1374
  34. U 1374–1388
  35. Chang 1388–1389
  36. Gongyang 1389–1392

Goryeo, also spelled as Koryŏ (Hangul고려; Hanja高麗; Korean pronunciation: [koɾjʌ]; 918–1392), was a Korean dynasty established in 918 by King Taejo. This kingdom later gave name to the modern exonym "Korea". It united the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 and ruled most of the Korean Peninsula until it was removed by the founder of the Joseon in 1392. Goryeo expanded Korea's borders to present-day Wonsan in the northeast (936–943), the Yalu River (993) and finally almost the whole of the Korean Peninsula (1374).

Two of this period's most notable products are celadon pottery and the Tripitaka Koreana—the Buddhist canon (Tripiṭaka) carved onto more than 80,000 woodblocks and stored (and still remaining) at Haeinsa. The people of Goryeo also created the first metal movable type that was capable of printing actual books, in 1234; the oldest surviving metal movable type book, the Jikji, was printed in 1377.

In 668, Silla conquered Baekje and Goguryeo with an alliance with Tang China, but by the late 9th century it was tottering, its monarchs being unimaginative and pressed by the power of powerful statesmen. Many robbers and outlaws agitated and in 900 Gyeon Hwon revolted from Silla control in the Jeolla region as the state of Later Baekje; the year after, Gung Ye revolted from the northern regions as Taebong (Later Goguryeo). A son of a regional lord, Wang Geon, joined Taebong as a general.


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