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Liao dynasty

Liao dynasty
遼朝
契丹國.png
Sinicized nomadic empire
Conquest Dynasty
in northern China
907–1125
Liao dynasty at its greatest extent, c. 1000
Capital Shangjing1
Languages Khitan, Middle Chinese
Religion Buddhism
Khitan traditional animism

Influences from:
Taoism
Zodiac
Zoroastrianism
Government Monarchy
Emperor
 •  907–926 Taizu (Abaoji)
 •  926–947 Taizong
 •  947–951 Shizong
 •  951–969 Muzong
 •  969–982 Jingzong
 •  982–1031 Shengzong
 •  1031–1055 Xingzong
 •  1055–1101 Daozong
 •  1101–1125 Tianzuo
History
 •  Abaoji begins military campaigns 901
 •  Abaoji becomes the Great Khan of Khitan 907
 •  Abaoji assumes the title of Celestial Emperor 916
 •  "Greater Liao" adopted as a dynastic name 947
 •  Liao and Song Dynasties sign the Chanyuan Treaty 1005
 •  Emergence of Jin dynasty 1114–1115
 •  Emperor Tianzuo captured by Jin 1125
 •  Qara Khitai established 1124
Area
 •  947 est. 2,600,000 km² (1,003,866 sq mi)
 •  1111 est. 4,000,000 km² (1,544,409 sq mi)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Khitan people
Tang dynasty
Uyghur Khaganate
Later Jìn
Kumo Xi
Shiwei
Balhae
Zubu
Karluks
Jīn dynasty
Northern Liao
Western Xia
Qara Khitai
Khamag Mongol
Kingdom of Qocho
Today part of China (PRC), Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Russia, North Korea
1. Shangjing was the first of five capitals that were established, all of which served concurrently as regional capitals.

The Liao dynasty (Khitan: Mos Jælud; simplified Chinese: 辽朝; traditional Chinese: 遼朝; pinyin: Liáo cháo), officially the Great Liao (Chinese: 大遼; pinyin: Dà Liáo), also known as the Khitan Empire (Khitan: Mos diau-d kitai huldʒi gur; Chinese: 契丹国; pinyin: Qìdān guó) and the Liao Empire, was an empire in East Asia that ruled from 907 to 1125 over present-day Mongolia and portions of the Russian Far East, northern Korea, and northern China. The Liao dynasty was founded by Abaoji, Khagan of the Khitan people around the time of the collapse of Tang China. It was the first state to control all of Manchuria.

Almost immediately after its founding, the Liao dynasty began a process of territorial expansion, with Abaoji leading a successful conquest of Balhae. Later emperors would gain the Sixteen Prefectures by fueling a proxy war that led to the collapse of the Later Tang (923–936) and would establish tributary relationships with Goryeo and Song China after failing to conquer Goryeo.


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