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2012–13 escalation of the Syrian Civil War

2012–13 escalation of the Syrian Civil War
Part of the Syrian Civil War
Bombed out vehicles Aleppo.jpg
For a war map of the current situation, see .
Date 21 April 2012 (2012-04-21) – 31 December 2013 (2013-12-31)
(1 year, 8 months, 1 week and 3 days)
Location Syrian territories, with minor spillovers in neighboring countries
Status Ongoing
Belligerents

Syria Ba'athist Syria:

 Iran

Allied armed groups:

 Syrian opposition

Al-Qaeda

Syrian Kurdistan

Allied armed groups:
Commanders and leaders

Syria Bashar al-Assad
(Commander in Chief) Syria Maher al-Assad (WIA)
Syria Fahd Jassem al-Freij
Syria Dawoud Rajiha †
Syria Assef Shawkat †
Syria Ali Abdullah Ayyoub
Syria Issam Hallaq
Syria Ghassan Ismail

Syria Mohammad al-Shaar (WIA)

Syrian opposition Free Syrian Army

Islamic Front

Al-Qaeda

Rojava Salih Muslim Muhammad

Rojava Sîpan Hemo (YPG commander)
Strength

Syrian Armed Forces: 178,000(by Aug 2013)
General Security Directorate: 8,000
Shabiha: 10,000 fighters
National Defense Force: 60,000 soldiers
Jaysh al-Sha'bi: 50,000 fighters
al-Abbas brigade: 10,000 fighters
Hezbollah: 3,000–5,000fighters
Iran: 150–1,500 IRGC

Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq: 1,000 fighters

Free Syrian Army: 40,000 – 50,000 Islamic Front: 45,000 – 60,000
Ahfad al-Rasul Brigades: 7,000–9,000

Al-Nusra Front: 5,000–7,000

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant: 3,000–5,000		 Popular Protection Units (YPG): 15,000 – 35,000 fighters
Casualties and losses

Syrian government 15,000–31,174 soldiers and policemen killed
19,256 militiamen killed
1,000 government officials killed
5,000 soldiers and militiamen captured
Hezbollah
232–250 killed
Other non-Syrian Shiite fighters
265 killed

  • Iranian IRGC
    16 killed

27,746–50,930 fighters killed 979 protesters killed

16,000–46,601 opposition fighters and supporters captured		 265+ fighters killed
120,000 killed overall (September 2013 French estimate)

91,875–125,835 deaths documented by opposition groups December 2013**
165,835 killed overall (December 2013 SOHR estimate)
760–1,806 foreign civilians killed

Iraq 16 Iraqi soldiers killed
Lebanon 5 Lebanese soldiers killed
Turkey 3 Turkish servicemen killed
Jordan 1 Jordanian soldier killed

4.5 million (UN, Sep 2013) – 5.1 million (iDMC, Sep 2013) internally displaced
3,000,000 refugees (by November 2013)

130,000 missing or detained

a Also part of the FSA, but opposes ISIL & al-Nusra.
b Number possibly higher due to the opposition counting rebels that were not defectors as civilians.

c Number includes foreign fighters from both sides, as well as foreign civilians

Syria Ba'athist Syria:

 Iran

Allied armed groups:

 Syrian opposition

Al-Qaeda

Syrian Kurdistan


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