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Ukrainian National Republic

Ukrainian People's Republic
Українська Народна Республіка
Ukrayins'ka Narodna Respublika
Autonomous part of the Russian Republic (1917–1918)
Sovereign state (1918–1921)
1917–1921
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem
Ще не вмерла Україна  (Ukrainian)
Shche ne vmerla Ukraina  (transliteration)
Ukraine's glory has not perished
Capital Kiev
Languages Ukrainian
Religion
Government Parliamentary republic
President
 •  1917–1918 Mykhailo Hrushevskyi
 •  1918–1925 Directorate of Ukraine
President-in-exile
 •  1926–1954 Andriy Livytskyi
 •  1954–1965 Stepan Vytvytskyi
 •  1965–1989 Mykola Livytskyi
 •  1989–1992 Mykola Plaviuk
Legislature Central Rada (to April 1918)
Labor Congress
Historical era World War I
 •  7 November 1917
 •  Independence 22 January 1918
 •  Sack of Kiev 9 February 1918
 •  Ukrainian State 29 April 1918
 •  Directorate 13 November 1918
 •  Soviet invasion 16 January 1919
 •  Peace of Riga 18 March 1921
Area
 •  1897 477,021 km² (184,179 sq mi)
Population
 •  1897 est. 23,430,407 
     Density 49.1 /km²  (127.2 /sq mi)
Currency Karbovanets
Hryvnia
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Southwestern Krai
West Ukrainian People's Republic
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Second Polish Republic
General Command of the Armed Forces of South Russia
Today part of

The Ukrainian People's Republic or Ukrainian National Republic (Ukrainian: Українська Народна Республіка, Ukrajinśka Narodna Respublika; abbreviated УНР, UNR), a predecessor of modern Ukraine, was declared (on 10 June 1917) - at first as a part of the Russian Republic after the Russian Revolution - but proclaimed its independence on 25 January 1918. During its short existence the republic went through several political transformations from the socialist-leaning republic headed by the Central council with its General secretariat to the national republic, led by the Directorate and by Symon Petlyura. Between April and December 1918 the Ukrainian People's Republic did not function, having been overthrown by the Ukrainian State of Pavlo Skoropadsky. From autumn 1919 the UNR operated as an ally of the Second Polish Republic, but by then the state de facto no longer existed. The 18 March 1921 Treaty of Riga between the Second Polish Republic, Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus) and Soviet Ukraine sealed the fate of the Ukrainian People's Republic.

After the Bolshevik Revolution of October/November 1917 many governments formed in Ukraine - most notably the Ukrainian People's Republic (based in Kiev) and the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets (1917-1918, based in Kharkiv) and its Soviet successors. These two sides fought constantly with each other, which resulted in many casualties among Ukrainians fighting in a civil war as part of the wider Ukrainian-Soviet War of 1917-1921. The Soviet Union would (after the 1921 Treaty of Riga) extend control over what would ultimately become the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and a founding member of the Soviet Union.


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