Tientai
| Tiantai | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Chinese | 天台 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanyu Pinyin |
PRC Standard Mandarin: Tiāntāi ROC Standard Mandarin: Tiāntái |
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| Literal meaning | from "Tiantai [Heavenly Tower] Mountain" | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Korean name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hangul | 천태 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hanja | 天台 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Japanese name | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kanji | 天台 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin |
PRC Standard Mandarin: Tiāntāi ROC Standard Mandarin: Tiāntái |
| Bopomofo |
PRC: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄊㄞ ROC: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄊㄞˊ |
| Gwoyeu Romatzyh |
PRC: Tiantai ROC: Tiantair |
| Wade–Giles |
PRC: T‘ien1-t‘ai1 ROC: T‘ien1-t‘ai2 |
| Tongyong Pinyin |
PRC: Tiantai ROC: Tiantái |
| Yale Romanization |
PRC: Tyāntāi ROC: Tyāntái |
| MPS2 |
PRC: Tiāntāi ROC: Tiāntái |
| IPA |
PRC: [tʰjɛ́n.tʰái] ROC: [tʰjɛ́n.tʰǎi] |
| Wu | |
| Suzhounese | Thi-dé |
| Yue: Cantonese | |
| Yale Romanization | Tīn-tòih |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization | Cheontae |
| Transcriptions | |
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| Romanization | Tendai |
Tiantai (Chinese: 天台; pinyin: PRC Standard Mandarin: Tiāntāi, ROC Standard Mandarin: Tiāntái) is a school of Buddhism in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam that reveres the Lotus Sutra as the highest teaching in Buddhism. In Japan the school is known as Tendai, in Korea as Cheontae, and in Vietnam as Thiên thai.
The name is derived from the fact that Zhiyi (538–597 CE), the fourth patriarch, lived on Tiantai Mountain. Zhiyi is also regarded as the first major figure to make a significant break from the Indian tradition, to form an indigenous Chinese system. Tiantai is sometimes also called "The Lotus School", after the central role of the Lotus Sutra in its teachings.
During the Tang dynasty, the Tiantai school became one of the leading schools of Chinese Buddhism, with numerous large temples supported by emperors and wealthy patrons, with many thousands of monks and millions of followers.
Unlike earlier schools of Chinese Buddhism, the Tiantai school was entirely of Chinese origin. The schools of Buddhism that had existed in China prior to the emergence of the Tiantai are generally believed to represent direct transplantations from India, with little modification to their basic doctrines and methods. However, Tiantai grew and flourished as a native Chinese Buddhist school under the 4th patriarch, Zhiyi, who developed a hierarchy of Buddhist sutras that asserted the Lotus Sutra as the supreme teaching, as well as a system of meditation and practices around it.
After Zhiyi, Tiantai was eclipsed for a time by newer schools such as the East Asian Yogācāra and Huayan schools, until the 6th patriarch Zhanran who revived the school and defended its doctrine against rival schools. The debates between the Faxiang school and the Tiantai school concerning the notion of universal Buddhahood were particularly heated, with the Faxiang school asserting that different beings had different natures and therefore would reach different states of enlightenment, while the Tiantai school argued in favor of the Lotus Sutra teaching of Buddhahood for all beings.
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Wikipedia