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Republic of Gran Colombia

Republic of Colombia
República de Colombia
1821–1831
Flag (1821–1822) Coat of arms
(1821–31)
Anthem
Marcha Libertadora
(Liberation March)
Gran Colombia
Capital Bogotá
Languages Spanish
Religion Roman Catholic
Government Republic
Presidents
 •  1819–30 Simón Bolívar
 •  1830, 1831 Domingo Caycedo
 •  1830, 1831 Joaquín Mosquera
 •  1830–31 Rafael Urdaneta
Vice Presidents
 •  1819–20 Francisco Antonio Zea
 •  1820–21 Juan Germán Roscio
 •  1821 Antonio Nariño y Álvarez
 •  1821 José María del Castillo
 •  1821–27 Francisco de Paula Santander
 •  1830–31 Domingo Caycedo
Legislature Congress
 •  Upper Chamber Senate
 •  Lower Chamber Chamber of Representatives
History
 •  Established December 17 1821
 •  Constitution of Cúcuta August 30, 1821
 •  Colombia – Peru War 1828–1829
 •  Disestablished November 19, 1831
Currency Piastra
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Viceroyalty of New Granada
Captaincy General of Venezuela
Third Republic of Venezuela
Republic of New Granada
Venezuela
Ecuador
British Guyana
Federal Republic of Central America
Today part of  Brazil
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Guyana
 Panama
 Peru
 Venezuela

Gran Colombia (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈɡɾaŋ koˈlombja], "Great Colombia") is a name used today for the state that encompassed much of northern South America and part of southern Central America from 1819 to 1831. It included the territories of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, northern Peru, western Guyana and northwest Brazil.

The first three were the successor states to Gran Colombia at its dissolution. Panama was separated from Colombia in 1903. Since Gran Colombia's territory corresponded more or less to the original jurisdiction of the former Viceroyalty of New Granada, it also claimed the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua, the Mosquito Coast.

Its existence was marked by a struggle between those who supported a centralized government with a strong presidency and those who supported a decentralized, federal form of government.

At the same time, another political division emerged between those who supported the Constitution of Cúcuta and two groups who sought to do away with the Constitution, either in favor of breaking up the nation into smaller republics or maintaining the union but creating an even stronger presidency. The faction that favored constitutional rule coalesced around Vice-President Francisco de Paula Santander, while those who supported the creation of a stronger presidency were led by President Simón Bolívar. The two men had been allies in the war against Spanish rule, but by 1825, their differences had become public and were an important part of the political instability from that year onward.


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