Mosquito Coast

Mosquito Coast
English and British protectorate (1638–1787, 1844–1860) Spanish Colony (1787–1800, de jure 1819) Autonomous territory of Nicaragua (1860–1894)
Early 17th century–1894
Flag Coat of arms
Capital		Sandy Bay Bluefields (after 1787)
Languages		Miskito English Spanish
Government		Monarchy
King
•	c.1650–1687	Oldman (first known)
•	1842–1860	George Augustus Frederic II (last)
Hereditary Chief
•	1860–1865	George Augustus Frederic II (first)
•	1890–1894	Robert Henry Clarence (last)
History
•	Established	Early 17th century
•	Disestablished	1894
Succeeded by Nicaragua Honduras
Today part of		Nicaragua  Honduras

Mosquito Kingdom
Protectorate of England (1638–1707) Protectorate of Great Britain (1707–1787)
1638–1787
Flag
Anthem God Save the King (1745–1787)
Capital		Sandy Bay (King's residence)
Languages		Miskito English
Government		Monarchy
Monarch
•	c.1650–1687	Oldman (first known)
•	1776–1801	George II Frederic (last)
Superintendent of the Shore
•	1749–1759	Robert Hodgson, Sr. (first)
•	1775–1787	James Lawrie (last)
History
•	Arrival of the Providence Island Company	1630
•	British ally	1638
•	British protectorate	1740
•	Convention of London	1786
•	British evacuation	1787
Currency		Pound sterling
Preceded by Succeeded by Captaincy General of Guatemala Miskito people Captaincy General of Guatemala

Mosquito Kingdom
Protectorate of the United Kingdom
1844–1860
Flag
Anthem God Save the Queen
Capital		Bluefields
Languages		English Miskito
Government		Monarchy
King
•	1842–1860	George Augustus Frederic II
Consul-General Consul (after 1851)
•	1844–1848	Patrick Walker (first)
•	1849–1860	James Green (last)
History
•	Protectorate declared	1844
•	Annexation of San Juan del Norte	1848
•	Bombardment of San Juan del Norte	1854
•	Treaty of Managua	January 28, 1860
Currency		Pound Sterling
Preceded by Succeeded by Miskito people Nicaragua Mosquito_coast#Treaty_of_Managua Honduras

Mosquito Reserve
Reserva Mosquitia
Autonomous territory of Nicaragua
1860–1894
Flag Coat of arms
Anthem Hermosa Soberana
Capital		Bluefields
Languages		Spanish Miskito
Government		Monarchy
Hereditary Chief
•	1860-1865	George Augustus Frederic II (first)
•	1890-1894	Robert Henry Clarence (last)
History
•	Treaty of Managua	January 28, 1860
•	Annexation to Nicaragua	1894
Currency		Nicaraguan peso Pound sterling
Preceded by Succeeded by Second British protectorate Nicaragua

The Mosquito Coast, also known as the Miskito Coast, historically comprised an area along the eastern coast of present-day Nicaragua and Honduras. It formed part of the Western Caribbean Zone. It was named after the local Miskito Amerindians and was long dominated by British interests. The Mosquito Coast was incorporated into Nicaragua in 1894; however, in 1960, the northern part was granted to Honduras by the International Court of Justice.

The Mosquito Coast was generally defined as the domain of the Mosquito or Miskito Kingdom and expanded or contracted with that domain. During the nineteenth century, the question of the kingdom's borders was a serious issue of international diplomacy between Britain, the United States, Nicaragua, and Honduras. Conflicting claims regarding both the kingdom's extent and arguable nonexistence were pursued in diplomatic exchanges. The British and Miskito definition applied to the whole eastern seaboard of Nicaragua and even to La Mosquitia in Honduras: i.e., the coast region as far west as the Río Negro or Tinto. The Mosquito Coast in the later part of the century came to be considered as the narrow strip of territory, fronting the Caribbean Sea and extending from about 11°45’ to 14°10’ N. It stretched inland for an average distance of 60 kilometers (40 mi), and measured about 400 kilometers (225 mi) from north to south. In the north, its boundary skirted the Wawa River; in the west, it corresponded with the eastern limit of the Nicaraguan highlands; in the south, it followed the Río Rama. The chief modern towns are Bluefields, the largest town and capital of Nicaragua's South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region; Magdala on Pearl Cay; Prinzapolka on the river of that name; Wounta near the mouth of the Kukalaya; and Karata near the mouth of the Coco River.

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Wikipedia