Muhammad Ma Jian
| Ma Jian | |
|---|---|
| Mǎ Jiān/馬堅 | |
| Born |
June 6, 1906 Qing Dynasty, Shadian, Gejiu
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| Died | August 16, 1978 (aged 72) People's Republic of China, Beijing
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| Other names | Muḥammad Mākīn as-Ṣīnī, Makin |
| Nationality | Chinese |
| Ethnicity | Hui |
| Region | Yunnan |
| Profession | Translator, professor, journalist |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni Islam |
| Political Party | Communist Party of China |
| Main interest(s) | Translation of Confucian works into Arabic, translation of Islamic texts into Chinese |
| Notable idea(s) | Compatibility between Islam and Marxism |
| Notable work(s) | Chinese translation of the Qur'an |
| Education | Shanghai Islamic Normal School |
| Alma mater | Al-Azhar University |
| Teachers | Hu Songshan |
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Students
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| Muhammad Ma Jian | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 馬堅 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simplified Chinese | 马坚 | ||||||||
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| Courtesy name | |||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 子實 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 子实 | ||||||||
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| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Mǎ Jiān |
| Wade–Giles | Ma Chien |
| Transcriptions | |
|---|---|
| Standard Mandarin | |
| Hanyu Pinyin | Zǐshí |
| Wade–Giles | Tzu-shih |
Muhammad Ma Jian (Gejiu, 1906 – Beijing, 1978) (Arabic: محمد ماكين الصيني Muḥammad Mākīn as-Ṣīnī; English translation: Muhammad Ma Jian the Chinese) was a Chinese Islamic scholar and translator of Muslim Hui ethnicity. He is notable for translating the Qur'an into Chinese and stressing compatibility between Marxism and Islam.
Jian was born in 1906 in Shadian, a village in the Gejiu county of Yunnan. This was a majority-Hui village that would later be the site of the infamous Shadian incident during China's Cultural Revolution. When Jian was six years old, he was sent to the provincial capital of Kunming, where he would receive his primary and secondary education until the age of 19. Following his graduation, Jian returned to his hometown of Shadian to teach at a Sino-Arabic primary school for two years - an experience which he did not enjoy. This was followed by a stint of study under Hu Songshan in Guyuan, a city in the Hui region of Ningxia. He then went to Shanghai for further education in 1929, where he studied at the Shanghai Islamic Normal School for 2 years.
Following the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, Jian was sent by the Chinese government to Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt, to cultivate relations with Arab nations. He was a member of the first group of government-sponsored Chinese students to study there - which included men who would later become leading Chinese scholars of Arabic and Islam, such as Na Zhong. While in Cairo, he contacted the Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated Salafi Publishing House, which agreed in 1934 to publish one of his works - the first full-length book in Arabic on the history of Islam in China. A year later, Jian translated the Analects into Arabic. Whilst in Cairo, he would also subsequently translate several of Muhammad Abduh's works into Chinese, with the assistance of Rashid Rida, as well as 's The Truth of Islam. To promote Chinese interests in the context of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Jian was sent to Mecca in early 1939 as part of a hajj delegation alongside 27 other students - a journey on which they spoke to Ibn Saud about the determination of 'all the Chinese people' to resist the Japanese.
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